???? ???????S ??? ????S?? ?G???

1
???? ???????S ??? ????S?? ?G???

• ????? ?a???d??
• ?a????t??a ?????ß??????a?
• ?µ?µa ?at????? ???ast?????, ??? ????a?

2
To bathe or not to bathe????
3
??µ??es?e?- ?d???e?

• ?ate????t???a ?d???a t?? ?.?
• (a????? 1976, t??p?p???s? 2006)
• ?ate????t???e? ?d???e? ?.?.?, 2003
• ?????aµµa ?a????a? s?µa?a?
• ???t???a pe??ßa????t???? s??????? st? ?a??ss??
  pe??ß????? (?.? 2010)

4
?e?? a?a?????

• ta ????ta ? ??µ?????ta, ????? ? ?a?ass???
  ?e??
• a) ? ????µß?s? ep?t??peta? ??t? ap? t?? a?µ?d?e?
  a????
• ß) ? ????µß?s? de? apa???e?eta? ?a?
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? ?at? s????e?a ap? µe???? a???µ?
  ????µ????
• ?) ta ?e?? t?? ????µß?t?????
• (te???t? pe??ß?????)

5
???d???? st? ?a??ss?? pe??ß?????

• ????µ?? t?a?µat?sµ??
• ?a?????? s?????e?
• ??µ???? ?a? f?s???? pa??µet???
• Ta??ss??? µ???????a??sµ??
• ????????a??sµ?? ??µat???? p????e?s??

6
????? ??pa?s??
7
?ef??? 106/cm2
S???? 106-108/ml
????a 103 /cm2
St?µ??? 103 -105/g
?as???e? 106/cm2
p??t? 102 -103/cm2
feces -1011/g
???a ) 0 - lt103/ml
??d?a 102 - 106/cm2
8
?at?????e? a?t??
?????????? ? ? C ????d??
??p?a??de?? ??te???????? (cfu/100ml) 100 200 185 ISO 7899-1 7899-2
E.coli (cfu/100ml) 250 500 500 ISO 9308-1 9308-3
95 percentile 90percentile

9
??e????µ???? ??e????

• ??ß???? ??µ?t??, e?ß???? a??µe??t?? ap?ß??t??,
  ?pe??e???s? ?µß????
• ??ß???? ?e?µ????, p?taµ??
• ????µ?? ????µß?t??
• ???? p????f???a
• ( ß????, ??eµ??, pa??????a)

10
????????s? ??e????µ???? ep??e???s?? ??p?? e?ß???? ??p?? e?ß???? ??p?? e?ß????
?pe?e??as?a ??µat?? St?? pa?a??a ????? p?s?t?ta ?e???? p?s?t?ta
?aµ?a ???? ????? ????? NA
p??t??e??? ???? ????? ????? ?aµ???
???t??e??? µe de?aµe??? ?a????s?? ???? ????? ????? ?aµ???
de?te???e??? ????? ????? ?aµ???
?e?te???e??? µe ap???µa?s? ---- ---- ----
t??t??e??? µ?t??a µ?t??a ???? ?aµ???
???t??e??? µe ap???µa?s? ---- ---- ----
Lagoons ????? ????? ?aµ???
11
E?e????

• ??a de??µa p??? t?? a??? t?? ????µß?t????
  pe???d??
• S??????? se ???e ????µß?t??? pe???d? t??????st??
• 4 de??µata
• ? de??µat?????a ?a ???e? ?a???? t?? d????e?a t??
  ????µß?t???? pe???d??.
• Se pe??pt?s? pa??d???? µ????s?? 1 ep?p????
  de??µa.

12
Beach profile

• ??? pe????af? t?? f?s????, ?e???af???? ?a?
  ?d????????? ?a?a?t???st???? t?? ?e??? ????µß?s??
  ? ????? ?at??????? ?e??? p?? pe???aµß????ta? st??
  ?d???a
• ?ata??af? ?a? a???????s? t?? a?t??? t?? ??pa?s??.
• ????????s? t?? p??a??t?ta? a??pt????
  ??a??ßa?t???d???
• ????????s? t?? p??a??t?ta? a??pt???? f???? ?a?
  f?t?p?a??t??

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Name of the beach KIANI AKTI bathing area
Prefecture PREVEZA Municipal PREVEZA
Location The beach is in the entry of the Gulf
of Amvrakikos. It is located very close to
Preveza city. Geographical Position Latitude E
20,45 Longitude B 38,56Orientation of the
beach NWDimensions of the beach length 2km,
width 15mType of bathing area confined natural
beach. Seven artificial breakwaters (the distance
between each is 300 m) surround the bathing
area. The beach and the Sea Floor consist of fine
sand.Average number of users 480 bathers/
dayCharacteristics of the surrounding area is
urban and the beach is surrounded of eucalyptus
trees 
14
????????s?

• (a) ?et??se?? se ?a?e de??µa
• (b) ?e ta ap?te??sµata st? t???? t?? ????µß?t????
  pe???d??
• (c) ??? s??d?asµ? t?? ap?te?esµ?t?? t??
  t?????sa? ????µß?t???? pe???d?? ?a? t?? 3
  p??????µ????
• (d) ?? Annex II.

15
? s?µas?a t?? µeµ???µ???? de??µat?? se e?est?ta
?????(WHO, 2009)

• H a???????s? µe p?s?st? ?ata?????t?ta? de?
  p??state?e? ap? pa??d???? ??pa?se??
• S???t?s? ??a ?a????sµ? st??µ?a?a? ?????? t?µ??
  
• ?.? . se ???sµ??a ????pa??? ???t?
• 1800cfus/100 ml E coli
• 700cfus/100ml intestinal enteroccci

16
??????? ???a efa?µ????

• ??e? ?? a?t?? t?? ?.? p??pe? µ???? t? t???? t??
  2015 ?a ????? ?a?a?t???ste? t??????st?? ??
  epa??e??
• ???pe? ?a ?aµß????ta? s??e??? µ?t?a ?ste ??? ?a?
  pe??ss?te?e? pa?a??e? ?a a?eßa????? ?at?????a.

17
?p?d?µ??????a t?? ????µß?s??

• ?a????sµ?? t?? d?af???? s????t?ta? ??s?s??
  a??µesa se ????µß?t?? ?a? µ? ????µß?t?? se ?e??
  d?af???? ep?p?d?? ??pa?s??
• 30 ?????a ep?d?µ????????? e?e????

18
???d????
19
???µ??e?? ap? µ???????a??sµ??? ??µat????
p????e?s??
?a?t???a ??? ?a??s?ta
Salmonella spp Shigella spp E.Coli O157H7 Campylobacter spp Staphylococcus aureus Hepatitis A Hepatitis E Adenovirus Norovirus Echo virous Giardia duodenalis (ex lamblia) Cryptosporidium parvum
20
???µ??e?? ap? a?t???????? µ???????a??sµ???

• Vibrio cholerae o?e?a ?ast?e?te??t?da ??????
  µ?s?
  ?ata????s?? ?a?ass????
• Aeromonas spp d??????a , µ????se?? p?????,
  p?e?µ???e?
• Leptospira interrogans ??s? t?? Weil
• Acanthamoeba spp e??efa??t?de?, cornea

21
?p?d?µ?e? ap? ????? ?e??(??µ?e?, p?t?µ?a)

• 65 ep?d?µ?e? (??WR, CDC) p?? ?fe????ta? se ?e??
  a?a????? (2001-2002)
• 30 (46.2) ep?d?µ?e? ?ast?e?te??t?da?
• 11 se ???pt?sp???d??
• 1 se G???d?a
• 5 se Noro-????
• 6 se ßa?t???a
• 7 ????st?? a?t??????a?

22
?a??µet??? p?? ep??e????? t?? a???s? s?µpt?µ?t??

• ????µß?s?
• ?????e?a ???es??
• ????s? ?efa???
• ?????a 0-4 et?? ?ast?e?te??t?de?, 15-24 et??
  O??, a?ap?e?st???, µ?t?a.
• ?at?p?s? ?e???
• ?at?????a ?a?ass??? a???µ?t??
• ??t??? ???a??sµ??
• ?a?????? s?????e?
• ????t?ta ?µµ??
• Fa??t? st?? pa?a??a

23
???µa de? e?µaste ?????p???µ????!!!!
24
?e??ßa????t???? pe????af?t?? (?.? 2010)

• ???stas?a t?? ß??p??????t?ta?
• ??sa???? µe????? a???µ?? a????????? e?d??
• ???stas?a t?? a???e?t???? e?d??
• ???stas?a t??f???? d??t???
• ?e?????sµ?? a????p??e???? e?t??f?sµ??
• ???stas?a ße?????? e?d??
• ?e??s? t?? a??a??? t?? ?d???e???af????
  ?a?a?t???st???? ap? a????p??? d?ast????t?ta
• ? s?s??e?s? ??pa?t?? ?a µ?? a??????e? ta
  ?a?a?t???st??? t?? a?t??
• ??e???? ??pa?t?? st? ????s?st?µa
• ??e???? s???p?d??? (p?s?t?ta, p???t?ta)
• ??sa???? a???µ???? p?s?t?ta? e????e?a? ?a?
  ????ß??

25
????µß?t???? ?e?aµe??? ?? G1/443/1973

• ? ????µß?t??? de?aµe?? e??a? ??a te???t?
  ????s?st?µa
• ?p?te???? ?????? a?a????? ?a? ????s??

26
?a?????te? p?? ep??e????? t?? p???t?ta t?? ?e???

• ?atas?e?ast??? ?a?a?t???st???
• ??p?? a????t?? , ??e?st??
• ???? ?????e?s?? ?e???
• ?e?t??????? ?a?a?t???st???

27
??asf???s? p???t?ta? ?e??? ????µß?t???? de?aµe???

• ?p?te?esµat??? d????s? ?e???
• ?p?te?esµat??? ap???µa?s? ?e???
• S??e??? ?pe?????s?
• S??e??? a?a?????f???a
• ?fa?µ??? s?st?µat???? ?pe???????s??
• ?a?a???t?ta e??atast?se??
• S?st? ???s? ap? t??? ????µß?t??
• S??d?? d?a?e???s?? ???d????
• Seßasµ?? max a???µ?? ????µß?t??

28
Adenovirus 1995(?apapet??p????? ?a? s??)

• ??????? 1995 Sp??t?
• 80 ?t?µa µe s?µpt?µata ?????? p??et??,
  p?????aµ??, ep?pef???t?da, p?????fa???, ?????a??
  ????
• ??e??e?? ?????? lt0,2 mg/l
• ?e? a????e????a? de??te? ??pa?s??
• ?????e????a? ade????? µe nested PCR

29
?????µat??? ad?af???a st? ????µß?t???? ??a??????
??µpt?, 1 ?p?????? 2010, 1005 ??? pa??µßas? t??
e?sa??e??a p?????ese t? de?te?? ????sµa
?pe???????s?? p?s??a? t?? e?????? ????µß?t?????
??a??????, p?? e??e ?? ap?t??esµa ?a d?a??µ?st???
??e? st? ??s???µe?? p??te pa?d??, ?????a? ap? 5
??? 7 et??, µe s?µpt?µata d?sf???a?.
30
????????S? ??S ????S??S ??????S ?O? ???????O?
???????????O?

• St? 25 t?? de?aµe??? de d?ap?st????e ??e???? -
  ?ata??af? µet??se?? pH ?a? ?p??e?µµat???? ???????
• St? 68,33 de? ?????ta? µ????ß????????
  pa?a???????s?
• t? 12 t?? ????µß?t????? ??????e ??a??p???t????
  ?e?t?????a? µe ß?s? t? de?t?? e??????, t? 21
  ß?????e s?et??? ??a??p???t???? ?e?t?????a? ?a?
  ? p?e????t?t? t??? e??a? µ? ??a??p???t????
  ?e?t?????a?.
• (Blougoura and Mavridou, 2010)

31
And the answer isto bathe with care!!!
32
???a??st? ??a t?? p??s??? sa?