Acids

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Acids Bases
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The Chemistry of Acids and Bases
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Acid and Bases
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Acids and Bases
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Acid and Bases
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Acids
Have a sour taste. Vinegar is a solution of
acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid.
React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas.
React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce
carbon dioxide gas. Hydrogen ions are formed
with the acid HNO3 is dissolved in water
Bases
Have a bitter taste.
Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases. Make
soaps and detergents
7
Some Properties of Acids

• Produce H (hydrogen ion) in water solution
• Bases have a lower concentration
• Taste sour
• Corrode metals eat away
• Electrolytes
• React with bases to form a salt and water
• pH is less than 7
• Turns blue litmus paper to red Blue to Red
  A-CID

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Some Properties of Bases

• Produce OH- (hydroxide) ions in water
• Taste bitter, chalky
• Are electrolytes
• Feel soapy, slippery
• React with acids to form salts and water
• pH greater than 7
• Turns red litmus paper to blue Basic Blue

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Some Common Bases

• NaOH sodium hydroxide lye
• KOH potassium hydroxide liquid soap
• Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide stabilizer for
  plastics
• Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide MOM Milk of
  magnesia
• Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide Maalox (antacid)

10
The pH scale is a way of expressing the strength
of acids and bases.The pH scale measures the
concentration (amount) of hydrogen ions. Instead
of using very small numbers, we just use the
NEGATIVE power of 10 on the Molarity of the H
(or OH-) ion.Under 7 acid 7
neutralOver 7 base
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pH Scale

• When the concentration of hydrogen ions is high,
  the pH would be expected to be lower than 7.
• If a substance had a pH of 11, what could you
  predict about is Hydrogen ion concentration?
• It would be low

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Neutralization

• Neutralization
• A reaction between an acid and a base.
• In a reaction of an acid with a base, the pH
  changes to a value that is closer to?
• 7
• If soap is a base, which pH levels would be the
  most appropriate for soap?
• Anything greater than 7

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pH of Common Substances
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pH testing

• There are several ways to test pH
• Blue litmus paper (red acid)
• Red litmus paper (blue basic)
• pH paper (multi-colored)
• pH meter (7 is neutral, lt7 acid, gt7 base)
• Universal indicator (multi-colored)
• Indicators like phenolphthalein
• Natural indicators like red cabbage, radishes

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Paper testing

• Paper tests like litmus paper and pH paper
• Put a stirring rod into the solution and stir.
• Take the stirring rod out, and place a drop of
  the solution from the end of the stirring rod
  onto a piece of the paper
• Read and record the color change. Note what the
  color indicates.
• You should only use a small portion of the paper.
  You can use one piece of paper for several tests.

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pH indicators

• Indicators are dyes that can be added that will
  change color in the presence of an acid or base.
• Some indicators only work in a specific range of
  pH
• Once the drops are added, the sample is ruined
• Some dyes are natural, like radish skin or red
  cabbage