ACIDS,%20BASES,%20SALTS

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ACIDS, BASES, SALTS Acid - generate H ions in
water - taste tart or sour - pH lt (less
than) 7 - respond to indicators - ionize
in water - turn blue litmus paper red -
examples are HCl, HNO3, in fruits (citric
acid, or tartaric acid)
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HCl(g) H Cl-
or HCl H2O H3O Cl-
hydronium ion Phosphoric acid
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Some Uses of Acids In stomach for
digestion Cleaning masonry,tile Adjust pH of
swimming pools Car batteries, manufacturing
fertilizers, paints, flavorings and soft drinks
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BASES generate OH- ions in water - feel
slippery and taste bitter - react to
indicators - change red litmus to blue - pH gt
(greater than) 7 - examples of bases are NaOH,
KOH, and NH3OH
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NaOH(s) Na OH-
hydroxide
ion NH3 H2O NH4 OH-
ammonium
ion
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Some Uses of Bases -making soap -manufacturing
synthetic fibers, fertilizers, cleaning
solutions, dyes, medicines, tanning leather,
and in varnishes -cleaning drains -making plaster
and mortar
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pH - the power of the H ion, it shows the
strength of an acid or a base The pH scale goes
from 0 to 14 lt 7 is acid gt7 is base 7 is
neutral pH of 1 is more acidic than pH of 6 pH
of 13 is more basic than pH of 8
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pH is measured using Acid-Base Indicators (or a
pH meter) This is an acid or a base that will
breakdown or dissociate at a known pH range.
HIn H In- acid
base pH below the range- see acid color pH above
the range- see base color
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Salt and water are formed when An acid and base
react Called a neutralization reaction because
the resulting solution is neutral (pH 7)
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Some Uses of Salts Chalk (calcium
carbonate) Table salt (sodium chloride) Many
salts provide minerals needed By the body--ex.
Ca for bones K for nerve impulses
P for energy and DNA formation
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• Acids / Bases Questions
• In water acids generate ____ ions.
• Acids have a pH of ___________ and they taste
  __________ or ___________.
• List three acids.
• List four ways that acids are commonly used.
• In water bases generate ________ ions.
• Bases have a pH of __________ and they
• feel _________ and taste ___________.
• List three bases.
• List four ways that bases are commonly used.
• What is pH and what does it show?
• What is a neutralization reaction, and what
• does it form?