Chronic Disease Risk Factors

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Chronic Disease Risk Factors
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Chronic Disease Risk Factors
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Chronic Disease Risk Factors continued
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(Health Canada, 2015)
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Obesity
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Obesity rank by country
NationMaster.com, 2012
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Contributing Factors

• Portion Sizes
• Physical Inactivity
• Genetics
• Media
• Technology

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(Brownell, 2006)
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Contributing Factor Inactivity

• What is the recommended amount of daily activity?
• Schools and PE
• Sedentary Workplaces
• Communities
• We have engineered activity out of our lives
  (TWON, 2012)

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Contributing Factor Advertising

• Toxic advertising
• Health claims on food
• TV time has increased

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(Center for Media Literacy, 2011 Heidi Cody,
2000)
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Obesity Stigma

• A lot of bias exists when it comes to those who
  are overweight or obese.
• Health care workers
• Employment opportunities
• Media
• Children

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Just getting people more active

• Better to be fat and fit, than skinny and
  un-fit. (Dr. Robert Sallis, 2014, pg 10)
• Exercise and
• Dementia
• Depression
• Autoimmune Disorders such as Fibromyalgia
• Helping patients Health at every size (Bacon
  Aphramor, 2011)
• No amount of exercise is insignificant. (Dr.
  Robert Sallis, 2014, pg 26)

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Tobacco
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Tobacco

• Between 1964 and 2014
• Over 20 million Americans died because of smoking
• 2.5 million nonsmokers
• More than 100,000 babies
• Smoking is still the leading cause of preventable
  disease and death in the U.S.
• The Health Consequences of Smoking 50 Years of
  Progress

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An evolving process

• If excessive smoking actually plays a role in
  the production of lung cancer, it seems to be a
  minor one.
• The National Cancer Institute, 1954
• Tobacco use imposes enormous public health and
  financial costs on this nation costs that are
  completely avoidable.
• Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary of Health Human
  Services, 2010

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SourceMokdad AH, Marks JS. Actual causes of
death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 291
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(No Transcript)
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Smoking and chronic disease

• Responsible for more than heart and lung disease
• 13 different types of cancer
• Smoking and reproduction
• Diabetes, eye disease, immune system

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• Thoughts?
• Warnings were to appear Sept. 2012 but.

(FDA.gov, 2011)
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Alcohol
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Alcohol and Chronic Disease

• 3rd leading lifestyle-related cause of death
• How does alcohol contribute to chronic disease?
• Short-term health effects
• Long-term health effects

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Other risk factors?
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SLEEP!

• Lack of sleep is associated with
• Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity,
  depression and cancer.

(CDC, 2009)
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Vitamin D deficiency

• Deficiency associated with
• Increased risk of cancers, heart disease,
  endocrine disorders, and osteoarthritis.
• Vitamin D as prevention

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Prevention

• Prevent, prevent, prevent
• But how????
• Individual education /
• motivation
• Government policy
• Built environments

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Ecological Model
Public Policy
Community
Institutional or Organizational
Interpersonal
Individual