????????-???????

1
????????-??????? ???????????? ???????? TSI ???
???????? ????????????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????

• 14 ??????? 2011 ????

2
????????????? ??????????? ??????. ???????.
? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ????,
? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ? ???????? ??????
? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????, ?.?. ?????????? ?
????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????.
??????? ???????
?????? ???????
? ??????? ?????????, ??????????? ? ??????????
???????, ????? ???? ??????? ??????????
????????????? ? ??????????? ???????. ????????????
????????? ???????? ???????, ??? ???????, ??
?????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????.
3
????????????? ??????????? ??????. ?????????????.
?????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ? ????? ? ??????????????
???????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ? ??? ????????????? ?????????????
?????????? ????????, ??????, ??????, ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????-??? ????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? (??????, ?????, ?????????-????? ? ??.) ???????? ??????????-??? ????? ??????? ? ???????, ????????? ???? ??????????, ?????-?? ???????????? ???????????, ???????-??? ??????????, ?.?. ??? ??, ??? ??????? ? ?????-???????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????????, ??????? (????????), ????? (??????????? ??????????????), ??????? ?????????????? ? ?.?.
4
????????????? ??????????? ??????
5
????????????? ??????????? ??????. ???????.
?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????
(??????????) ??????, ????????? ?? ?????, ??? ??
6-10 ???????.
???? ? ??? 7708-2006 ???????????????? ???????
??????? (particle aerodynamic diameter) ???????
????? ?????????? 1 ?/??3, ??????? ? ????????
?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????
???????? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ?????????
??????? ? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????????????
????????? ???????????, ???????? ? ?????????????
?????????.
??????????? ??????? ? ????????????????
????????? ????? 100 ?? (0,1 ???).
6
???? ??????????? ??????
7
(No Transcript)
8

• ??????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ?
  ????????? ???????
• ????????? ????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ?
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ???????
  ??????????????.
• ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????.
• ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????
  (PM10 , PM2.5 , PM1) ?? ????????
  ????????????????, ??? ??? ??????????? ?????
  ????????? ?????, ?? ??????? ????????? ???????????
  ? ????? ??????????
• - ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? (100 ??)
  ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? 10 ???
• ?????????? ?????? ??????? PM10 ? ?????? ???
  ????, ??? ??????????, ?? ?? ????? ?????????? 99
  ?? ????? ???? ??????

9
???????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?
???????? ??????
10

• ???????? ????????????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????
• - ????????? ???????????? ??????
• - ????????? ???????? ??????
• - ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????.
• ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????,
  ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? 100 ??.

11

• ?????????? ???????? ??????, ????????????? ?
  ???????? TSI.

SMPS FMPS APS OPS LAS
2,5 1000 ?? 5,6 560 ?? 0,5 20 ??? 0,3 10 ??? 0,09 7,5 ???
?? 108 ??-3 ?? 109 ??-3 ?? 103 ??-3 ?? 3103 ??-3 ?? 18103 ??-3
162 ?????? 32 ?????? 52 ?????? 16 ??????? 100 ???????
?? 30 ??? 1 ??? ?? 1 ??? 1 ??? ?? 1 ???
12

• ?????????? ????????? SMPS/FMPS.

• ? SMPS ??? ??????????? ?????? ????????????
  ??????????????? ???????, ? FMPS ???????????
• ??????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?? 100 ??
  ?????????????? ??? ???????? ? ?? ????????.
• ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????
  ?????????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????????
  ?????? (? ?????????? ???????? ??????), ? ?????
  ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ??????
  ?????????????? ??????.
• ? ????? ? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ? ????
• ????????????? ?????? ?? ????????
• 2. ??????????? ??????.

13
?????????? SMPS/FMPS
14

• ?????????? SMPS
• ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????

??????????? ??????
?????????? ?????? ?? ????????
Long DMA, Nano DMA (?????????? ????????????????
???????????)
CPC (??????????????? ???????)
15
??????? ?????? SMPS
????????????? ????????
?????????????? ????????
????????????
DMA
CPC
??????????/???????
?????????????? ????????
??????? ????? gt 20 ????? ??????????? ?????
(SMPSTM) 1-3 ??????
16
??????????????? ???????? ??????

• ????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ???????? ???????
• ??? ???????? ??????? CPC?
• ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? !!!
• ???????????? ???????? CNC (??????? ????
  ???????????) ???????? ?? ?????? ???????, ???
  ??????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ?????
• ? CPC ??????????? 3 ??????
• ???????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????????
• ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????????,
  ?????????? (?????????) ?????, ??????? ?????
  ?????? ??????? ????? ??????
• ?????? ???????? CPC ??????????? ????????? ?
  ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? (??????)

17
(No Transcript)
18
?????? ?????????
1) ????????? 2) ??????????? 3)
??????????????
D ??????? ???????? dS ?????????????
????????? ??????? ???????? M ???????????? ???
??????? ???????? rL ????????? ???????
????????d R ??????? ?????????? T
??????????? S ??????????? ???????????
S ??????????? ??????????? Pv
???????? ???? Psaturation(T) ????????
??????????? ????
19
????? CPC
20
????????? ???

• ??????? ????????
• - ???????
• - ????
• ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????
• ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????
  ?????????
• ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????, ??? ??? ?????????
  ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ????,
  ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????
  ??????????? ????? ??????????
• ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????
• ?? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????
  ?????????
• ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ? ??????
  ??????? ?????
• ??????? ??? ???????????? ? ??????????? ?????
  ???????, ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ???
  ???????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?
  ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????

21
????????? CPC
Alcohol-based CPC
Water-based CPC
Growth Tube, 75 ºC
Condenser, 10 ºC
Saturator, 12 C
Saturator, 35 C
S Pv/Psat
S Pv/Psat
22
??? ???? ????????? ??? ? ??????????? ??????????
???????
WCPCs ???????????????? ????????
??????????? BCPCs ???????? ????????  
S ?(DH2O gt ?air)
S ?(?air)

• ???? ????????? ????????
• ???????? ????? ? ???????? ???? ???????????
• ??? ???????????? ? ????? ???????????, ?? ????
  ????????? ?????? ??????
• ??????? ????????? ??????????
• ??????? ??????? ?????

• ??????? ??????? ????????
• ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????
• ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????????
• ??????? ??????? ??????????
• ??????? ????????? ?????   

23
WCPC Flow Schematic

• Cooled saturator followed by warm condenser
  (growth tube)
• In cooled saturator aerosol saturated with water
  vapor temperature equilibrated
• Growth tube Heated walls produce high level of
  supersaturation as water vapor diffuses quickly
  to center of stream before aerosol is heated up
• Mass diffusivity of water vapor gt
• thermal diffusivity of air !
• Aerosol becomes supersaturated and water
  condenses on particles

24
????????? CPC - ?????????
25
??????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????

• ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?
  ??????? ???????????
• ??????????????? ???????? (CPCs) ????????????
  ???????? ??????????, ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ??
  ?? ????????
• ????? ??? ???????????? ??????????
  ???????????????? ??????????? (DMA)
• ? DMA ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?? ???????
• ????? ?? ?????????? ? ???, ??? ??? ??????????????
  (? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????)
• ?????????? DMA ? ??? ? ?????? ????????
  ???????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????
  ??????????? ?????? (SMPS)

26
????????????? ??????????? (Zp)
??????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?
????????????? ????
27
(No Transcript)
28
?????? DMA
? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????????
??????????? ????????????? ??????????? Zp
????????? ?????? ???????????? ???
????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????,
????????? ?? ??????????????? DMA ????????
???????? ???????? ?????? ????????, ??????????????
?????????? DMA, ? ?????????? ?? ???????????
????????? DMA.
29
????? DMA
30
????? DMA ????-DMA

• ????-DMA ?????????? ??????????
• ??? ?????? ?? 3 ?? 50 ??
• ?????? ???????? ?? 2 ?? 150 ??
• ?????? ??????????? ??????????,
• ?????, ???
• ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????
• ??????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ???? ???
  ??????? ???????????? ??????? (????????/?????)
• ???????? ????? ?????????? (5 ??) ??? ??????????
  ????????
• ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????????
  ?????????????? ????
• ?????? ??? ? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????????

31
?????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????

• ?? ??????????? DMA, ????? ???????? ?????????
• ???????? ??????????
• ??? ?????????? ? DMA ?????????? ????? ???????
  ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?
  ?????? ????? ??????
• ????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????
  ????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ?????, ?
  ?????????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????????
  ????????? ? ?????????? ?????
• ???????????? Kr-85, ???????? ??? (????
  ?????????) ? ??????????? ??????

32
?????????? ?????? ?????
? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????
???????????? ?????????? ??????, ????????????
?????????? ? ???????????
??????? ??????, ??????? ???????????? ???????
?????? np
Wiedensohler, A. (1988) An Approximation
of the Bipolar Charge Distribution for Particles
in the Submicron Size Range, Journal of
Aerosol Science, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 387-389,
1988.
33
?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????
???? ??????????????
?????? ?????????
????
?????

• ?? ??????????? DMA, ????? ???????? ?????????
• ??????????????? ??????????????? ? SMPS
• ?? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????

34
???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????
??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????
?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ????, ???
????????????? ?????????????

• ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????
• ???????????? ??????????? ?????? X-?????
• ????? ????????? ???????? ? ???????????
  ?????????????? ????
• ???????? ??????????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???
  ?????????
• ?????????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ????

35
????????? ????????????? ?????????. ??????????? ?
????????????

• ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????????
  ???????? ?? ???? 85Kr, 210Po ? 241Am
• ?????????? ????????? ??????????????
  ?????????????? ?? ?????????????? ???????? ?
  ??????????? ? ???????? ????? ? 5 .
• ??? ??????????? ??? ????????????????? ?????????
  ???????, ????????????? ? ????????? ??????????????
  ?????????
• ????????? ? SMPS 3936 3034 ??????????????????
  ??????????????? 3080
• ??????????? ????? ?????????? ? ???????????
• ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????????
  ????????????? ? ????????????? ?????
• ??? ????????? ??????
• ???????????? ??????? ? ?????????????? ?? 107
  ??????/cm3

36
?????? ?????????? ?????????????

• ?????????????????? ?????????????
• ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????,
  ?????????????? ????????? ? DMA
• ????????????
• ??-?????????? ???????
• ????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ??????
• ??????? ?? ???????? ??????
• ????????? ?????????? ??????????????
• ?????? ??????
• ???????
• ??????? ???????

37
????? ??????? SMPS 3936
38
??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????
?????? (SMPS)

• ??????????? ??????????????
• ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? 0,0025 ??
  1,0 ???
• ??????????- ?? 167 ??????? ?????????
• ???????? ????????? ???????????? ?? 1 ?? 108
  ??????/??3
• ????? ????????? 30 ???.
• ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?? 0,2 ?? 2 ?/???.
• ??????????? ???????????
• ??????????
• - ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????
• ?????????? ???????????? ???????
• ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ? ???????
  ???????????? ????????
• ???????????? ??????????

39
(No Transcript)
40
???????????? SMPS
???????? ???????? ?????? ?? 2 ?? 1000
?? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????
?????????? ?? ????????, ??????????????
????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ? ?????????
????????????? ??????????
41
?????????? SMPS
42
?????????? SMPS
43
?????????? SMPS
44
?????????? SMPS
45
?????????? SMPS
46
?????????? SMPS
47
??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????
?????? (FMPS) ???.3091
48
??????????? ????????? (AEM)

• ???????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???
  ???????????? ????????? ? ????????? ???????
• ? ??????? ?? ???, ??? ?? ??????, ??????? ?????
  ???????? ????????? ???????
• ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ????
  ? ??????? ??????
• ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????
  ????????, ???? ???????????? ? DMA
• ? ???????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????????? ????????
  ??? ????????? ??????
• ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?
  ???????? ????????????? ????????
• ?????? ?????? ?????????????? 2 ??, ??????? 5
  ??????
• ??????? ??????????? ???????????? 200 - 300
  ??????/??³

Liu, B.Y.H., Pui, D.Y.H. (1975). On the
Performance of the Electrical Aerosol
Analyzer, J. Aerosol Sci. 6, 249-264.
49
??????? ?????? (1)
???????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
50
??????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????
?????? (FMPS) ???.3091
51
(No Transcript)
52
??????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????
?????? (FMPS) ???.3091

• ??????????? ??????????????
• ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? 5,6 ?? 560
  ??
• ??????????- ?? 32 ??????? ?????????
• ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????,
  ? ??? ????? ???? 200 ??????/??3
• ??????? ???????? ?????? (10 ? / ???)
• ???????, ??????? ??????? VGA
• ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?
  ??????? ??????
• ??????????
• ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ? ????? ??????
  
• ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????
• ????????????? ????????????
• ???????????? ? ????????????
• ???????? ????????? ???????

53
???????????????? ??????? ??????? (APS) ???. 3321
???????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???. 3321
???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????????
????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????????
- ??????? ????????? ????? - ??????? ?????
????????? ?????????????.
54
APS ???.3321

55
? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????
?????????? ???????, ?????????????? ????
??????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????, ??????????
? ???????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ????????
?????????. ?????????????? ? ???????????? ???????
???????? ??????????????? ??? ????? ????? ??
????????? ?????????, ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ???
??????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????,
??????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????, ???????
??????? ??????? ??????.
56
???????????????? ??????? ??????? (APS) ???. 3321

• ??????????? ??????????????
• ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? 0,5 - 20 ???
  (?? ??????? ???????)
• 
  0,37 - 20 ??? (?? ?????????
  ?????)
• ????????????/??????????? ???????????????
  ???????????? 1000 / 0,001??????/ ??3
• ????? ??????????? ?? 1 ??? ?? 18 ????? (?? ??????
  ????????????)
• ?????? 5 ?/???
• ?????????? 52 ?????? ?????????
• ?????????? ??????? 380?300?180 ??
• ?????10 ??
• ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?
  ??????? ??????
• ??????????
• ???????????? ???????? ? ??????????????????
• ????????????????? ????????????
• ???????????? ????????????? ?????????
• ???????????? ???????? ????????
• ??????????? ????????????
• ?????????? ???????????? ???????
• ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????
• ???????????? ????????????? ?????????

57
????????? ? ???????? ??????? ? ??????????? ??
???????? ????? ???????? ? ?????, ????? ?
?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????
???????
58
???????? ??????? LAS 3340
59
Instrument Design

• Patented intracavity design
• Particles exposed to gt1W laser light
• Designed to prevent contamination in laser cavity

US Patents 5,907,575 7,079,243 7,295,585
60
???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????
????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???
????????? ???????? ??????. ??????, ??????????
3340 ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????,
??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????
?????????, ?????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????.
??????????? 3340 ??? ?????? ?????????????
??????, ???????????? ???????? ????????
????????????? ??????, ??????????? ?
?????????????? ?????.
61
?????????????????? ????? ? ????????????
???????????? He-Ne ????? ? ?????
?????????????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????
??????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????
????????. ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????
????????? 1 ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? 5 ???.
??? ????????? ???????? ????? 50 ?????? ?
????????? 90 ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????.

??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????
??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????
?????????? ?????? ??-?? ??????????? ????????? 1)
???????????? ?????????? ??????????? 2)
???????????? ?????????????????? ??????????
??????????? ? ?????? 3) ????????? ???????????
????????? ??? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????? 4)
????? ??????.
62
?????????? ??????? OPS 3330
63
OPS Offering

• 3330 Optical Particle Sizer
• Included Accessories
• Carrying Case
• Battery (one) and AC adapter (also charges
  battery)
• USB cable, inlet tubing
• Spare filters, filter tool, stylus
• AIM software
• Manuals
• Optional accessories
• Additional Battery
• External Battery Charger
• Additional spare parts
• Service Offerings
• Repair and Calibrate
• Clean and Calibrate
• Extended Warranty and Service Agreements

64
????? OPS

• Short Straight inlet path to reduce particle
  losses
• Sheath flow focuses particle stream to enhance
  resolution
• Automatic flow control (improves concentration
  accuracy)
• Wide Collection angle minimizes Mie scattering
  effects
• Gravimetric filter for mass correlation or
  chemical analysis

65
??????????

• Well designed optical instruments are useful in a
  variety of applications due to their ease of use,
  fast measurement time, robustness and
  reliability. A few popular applications are
  listed below
• Aerosol research studies
• Aerosol sizing
• Indoor air quality investigations
• Industrial/occupational hygiene surveys
• Environmental Monitoring
• Ambient air measurements
• Outdoor environmental monitoring
• Emissions monitoring
• Work place monitoring
• Filter Testing
• HVAC filters (ASHRAE 52.2, EN 779)
• Automotive cabin air filters (ISO 11155-1, DIN
  71460-1)

66
???????????? OPS

• ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ? ??????????? ??
  ????????
• ?????????????
• ???????? ?????????????
• ??????? ?? ???????

67
????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? LAS/SMPS/APS
SMPS
Laser Aerosol Spectrometer
APS
68
??????????
69
??????? ?? ????????

• ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??
  ???????????? ???? ? ????????? ??????