Vocabulary

1
Vocabulary

• Battle of Stalingrad- Turning pt in the Battle
  for the Soviet Union. Last German offensive in
  USSR.
• Battle of Midway- Turning pt of the Pacific. The
  Japanese are on the defensive against the allies.
• D-Day- Massive Allied invasion force that lands
  at Normandy, France. Turing pt of the 20
  century.
• Battle of the Bulge- Last desperate gamble by
  Hitler to defeat the Allies and force a peace
  treaty.
• Island Hopping- Strategy of hopping from one
  island to the next only taking the most crucial
  islands.
• Manhattan Project- Secret American project to
  develop the atomic bomb.

2
THE ALLIES FIGHT BACK
3
Doolittles Raid

• 1939-1942 The Axis Powers are winning
• April 1942 16 B-25 Bombers bombed Tokyo
• The bombs did little damage but was a
  psychological victory
• May 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea
• New kind of warfare
• Fought with planes
• Allies lost more men and ships but stopped
  Japans southward advance

4
The Battle of Midway

• Turning Point of the Pacific
• June 1942, Allied code breakers decode a secret
  Japanese message
• Admiral Chester Nimitz knew the Japanese targeted
  Midway
• The outnumbered Americans destroyed 332 planes, 4
  aircraft carriers, and a support ship

5
Allied Offensive

• Battle of Guadalcanal
• Gen. Douglas MacArthur develops island hopping
  strategy
• By-pass Japanese strongholds for less defended
  islands
• Aug, 1942 U.S. Marines attack Guadalcanal to
  prevent massive Jap. Airbase
• After 6 months of fighting the Japanese abandon
  the island of death losing more than 24,000 out
  of force of 36,000

6
Allies Fight Back in Europe and Africa

• The Battle of El Alamein
• British forces led by Gen. Montgomery Monty
  push Gen Rommels Afrika Corps back
• Gen. Eisenhower Ike led an American force from
  Morocco which trapped and crushed Germanys
  Afrika Corp in May 1943

7
Battle of Stalingrad

• Turning point in the East
• Aug. 1942, Germans begin bombing raids
• By Nov. Germans control 90 of the city
• Could not force a surrender before winter
• Soviets launch a counterattack
• Soviets force surrender and begin to push the
  German army back through Soviet Union
• German army of 330,000 was reduced to 90,000

8
Invasion of Italy

• July 1943 British and American forces led by Gen.
  Patton and Gen. Montgomery invade the island of
  Sicily
• Conquered Sicily in 1 month
• Toppled Mussolini from power
• Italy surrenders on Sept. 3 1943 and enter Rome
  in June 1944

9
Operation Overlord

• June 6 1944, D-Day
• Gen. Eisenhower assembles the largest land/sea
  invasion in History
• Allies land on the beaches of Normandy, France
• Allies took massive casualties but held the
  beaches and allowed troops/equipment to be moved
  in
• Turning pt. of 20 century
• By Sept. they liberated France, Belgium, and
  Luxembourg

10
Battle of the Bulge

• Dec. 16, 1944
• Last German offensive of the war
• German tanks broke through in the Ardennes
• Although completely surprised the Allies were
  able to push the Germans back through the Bulge
• The back of Germany had been broken!

11
Victory in Europe

• May 8, 1945 V-E Day
• 9 million Allied and Soviet troops approached
  Berlin
• Hitler and Eva Braun committed suicide on April
  30
• Gen. Eisenhower and President Truman accept
  Germanys unconditional surrender on May 7

12
Victory in the Pacific

• Oct. 23, 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf
• Gamble by Japan that didnt pay off and the
  Japanese Navy was destroyed
• Only army and kamikazes stood between the Allies
  and Japan
• Iwo Jima and Okinawa
• Japanese homeland islands that were taken between
  March and June
• Bloodiest battles of the war
• Japanese lost 100,000 troops to the Americans
  12,000

13

• Manhattan Project
• Secret project to develop the atomic bomb led by
  Gen. Leslie Groves and Dr. Robert Oppenheimer
• Pres. Truman had to decide to either use the bomb
  or invade the Japanese island
• Aug 6, 1945 The Enola Gay drops atomic bomb on
  Hiroshima
• 70,000-80,000 people died in the attack
• Aug 9, 1945 2nd bomb was dropped on Nagasaki
• More than 70,000 people were immediately killed
• Aug. 14, 1945 V-J Day
• Japan surrenders to Gen. MacArthur on Sept. 2 1945

14
Closing

• What was the U.S. War Strategy in the Pacific?
• What were the turning pts in the Pacific, Soviet
  Union, and Western Europe?
• Who was Ike?
• What was Hitlers last gamble to win the war?
• What was the significance of the Battle of Leyte
  Gulf?
• What was the Manhattan Project?
• How did WWII come to an end?