Paleolithic Social Structure

1
Paleolithic Social Structure

• Dr. Green

2
Interactions and Social Size
3
Solutions

• Hierarchy
• Other apes
• Networks
• Paleolithic humans

4
(No Transcript)
5
Clique
6
Biology and Social Group Size

• High brain-to-body mass ratio is related by the
  size and complexity of their social groups
• Human brain-to-body mass ratio is large

7
Capuchin Monkeys

• They have the highest brain-to-body-size ratio of
  any primate other than people

8
Capuchin Monkeys

• Highly social
• Surrogate parenting
• Social traditions
• Innovative
• Learned
• Parochial
• Transient
• Flexible
• Testing social relationfingers in the nose

9
Humans

• Shift from Australopithecines to Homo
• Increased sociality
• Probably stone tools
• Probably the first hunting
• Sharing is a risk management strategy
• Diversification
• Increases the odds of a successful hunt
• Coevolution of biology and egalitarianism

10
Egalitarianism

• Sharing, cooperation, consensus
• Low sexual dimorphism- shared parenting
• Fluidity of the microband
• Fission-fusion structure
• Networks
• Lack of fixed power structure
• Mutual suppport for others

11
Tribalism

• Core social group150
• 11175 interactions
• Intimate group12
• 66 interactions

12
Egalitarianism

• Belonging to a group
• Freedom
• Treated as a person

13
Hierarchy

• Developed highly in civilization
• Hierarchy breaks down in hunting
• Humans returns to egalitarianism when hierarchy
  breaks down
• New Orleans
• Hippies
• Gangs

14
The Social Contract

• This is what the State founds itself on.
  Precisely this kind of scenario. Obey us, serve
  us, and we will protect you in times of
  catastrophe that is the social contract, that
  is the Faustian deal we strike with Leviathan. It
  is for that, that we sell ourselves to oppressors
  and tyrants, and shackle our lives, our futures,
  our souls to the will of the State. All we have
  asked in return is its protection from
  catastrophe. Now catastrophe has come, and the
  protection of the State is nowhere to be
  found--Jason Godesky

15
Relationships

• Either both parties to the interaction are living
  or one is not
• One is not in saprotropism in which an organism
  lives off of the dead
• Both are living in
• Antagonism in which one or both is/are harmed
• Symbiosis in which one or both is/are helped
• Neutralism in which neither is benefited nor
  harmed

16
Antagonisms

• Parasitism
• one type of organism is benefited and other is
  harmed
• Suitors
• Exploitation
• one organism enslaves the other organism
• Circe and Calypso
• Predation
• one organism catches and kills the other type of
  organism and take it as food
• Cyclopes and Laestrygonians
• Ammensalism or antibiosis
• A by-product of one organism's activities harms
  the another, but no nutrition takes place
• Sirens
• Competition
• two organisms when living in a specific ecosystem
  compete with each other for food and shelter
• War

17
Symbiosis

• Commensalism (hospitality)
• One organism may be benefited
• The other may remain neutral
• No one is harmed
• Mutualism (communities, such as families)
• Both individuals are benefited by each other
• Both are interdependent
• Protocooperation (contracts)
• Both the individuals are benefited by each other
• They can also live independently

18
Neutralism

• Two or more organisms live together
• Neither is benefited nor harmed
• Strangers

19
Relationships

• With gods
• With humans
• With sub-humans
• Savages
• With non-humans
• Outside all relationships