UK Aquaculture

1
UK Aquaculture

• Phil Thomas,
• Chairman SSPO

2
Global Population is Increasing
World Total
Developing Countries
Developed Countries
Depending on assumptions about affluence, diet
composition and food waste these figures imply
an increase in total food production of 50-70
of current production consumption.
3
Projection of human energy and protein-food
consumption (after FAO)
Energy (kcal/day) Meat (g/d) Milk (g/d)
1964-66 2358 66 202
1997-99 2803 100 214
Estimated 2030 3050 124 245
4
What about fish?

• Total global consumption is increasing because of
  population increase and increased consumption
  per head.
• But FAO says
• One-quarter of the world's fish stocks are
  overexploited, depleted or recovering from
  depletion. There is no possibility of increasing
  fishing activity in some cases the stocks may
  decline further.
• About half of the stocks are fully exploited.
  They are being fished at or close to their
  maximum sustainable limit. There is no room for
  further expansion of fishing activity.
• Around one-quarter of fish stocks are
  underexploited or partially exploited and could
  perhaps produce more.

5
Trends for Fish?
Trends in Global Fish

• Aquaculture provides an increasing proportion of
  fish supply this will continue to rise.
• Global aquaculture production is circa 67
  million tonnes. Most is produced in China /Asia.
  Main species there are low value carp, tilapia
  and other fresh water fish.
• EU production is relatively small but EU is the
  largest global importer of fish and seafood
  products and is only 40 self sufficient in
  supply. EU has a major structural deficit in fish
  supply.

Country World Production ()
China 66.6
Asia - China 22.8
Europe 3.3
South America 2.7
North America 1.3
Africa 1.2
6
European
EU Aquaculture
tonnes
tonnes
7
UK Aquaculture Production

• Shellfish
• Pacific oysters
• Native oysters
• Scallops
• Queens
• Mussels (97 31.9m)
• Clams
• Cockles

• Finfish
• Salmon (90, 400m)
• Trout (9, 45m)
• Halibut
• Turbot
• Sea bass
• (Cod)

8
Mussels
9
Trout
10
Annual Scottish Farmed Salmon Production
Tonnes x 1000
Anticipated
The Crown Estate Islands Councils
Interim Arrangements
Town Country Planning Act
11
Marine Scotland Salmon Fisheries Regions
East North East Moray Firth North North West West
Coast Clyde Coast Solway Orkney Shetland Outer
Hebrides
12
(No Transcript)
13
Technology Development
After Hanlon
Plastic Pens
(After, Chopin, 2010)
14
Feed and Nutrition

• A conversion ratio of caught fish to farmed
  salmon of 51 is often quoted. This figure is
  incorrect and based on an incorrect set of
  assumptions.
• Modern salmon nutrition and aquaculture feed use
  provides a conversion rate of 1.251. However,
  about 25 of fish meal is derived from waste from
  fish processing.
• Inclusion rates of fish meal in salmon diets have
  been reducing progressively as feed technology
  develops.
• The notion that salmon farming is not
  sustainable because of its fish-feed needs is
  incorrect.

15
World Fish Meal Production and Use in Aquaculture
World Fish Meal Production
Aquaculture Feed
16
IFFO Summary of Changing Use in Fishmeal Use
17
Alternatives to Fish Meal
(After Skretting, 2010)
18
Marine Scotland Salmon Fisheries Regions
East North East Moray Firth North North West West
Coast Clyde Coast Solway Orkney Shetland Outer
Hebrides
19
Distribution of Scottish Salmon Farms
West Salmon Farms East Salmon Farms
Shetland 107
Orkney 19

North West 42 North 2
West Coast 41 North East 0
Clyde Coast 15 Moray Firth 0
Outer Hebrides 45 East 0
Solway 0
Total sites
271 Total consented biomass 298, 113 tonnes
20
Why are farms distributed like this?

• History, Policy, and Planning

• Salmon Catch Distribution

• Historically salmon farming started in west coast
  and island areas because of the water quality
  and suitability of sites.
• Government Planning Policy in 1997 to locate
  farms to the west coast and islands.
• Scottish Government Locational Guidelines based
  on predicted nutrient enhancement, benthic impact
  and natural heritage sensitivities direct
  location.

Total Catch East Coast West Coast
1970 409,032 85 15
1985 272,552 84 16
1990 169,009 81 19
1995 180,143 85 15
2000 101,498 85 15
2008 101,519 83 17
21
Thats All Folks!