Properties of Life

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Properties of Life

• Packet 3

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Properties I

• All living things are parts of larger systems of
  matter and energy and matter continually recycles
  through systems as energy flows through the
  systems
• Life Cells Obey Physical/Chemical Laws of the
  Universe
• All living things are parts of larger systems of
  matter and energy
• Matter is continually recycled through systems as
  energy flows through
• There is no unique law defining the living state
  separate from different natural/physical laws
• Cells extract energy
• Transform energy
• Capturing light
• Redox reactions
• Electron flow
• Expend energy to maintain an ordered state

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Properties II

• All living things maintain a high degree of order
  and complexity
• The cell
• Size of cells may vary, but are structured yet
  complex

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Properties III

• All living things are descended from a common
  ancestor
• Where did we come from?
• Does having similar physical traits mean that
  there is a common ancestor?
• Three hypotheses of the Origin of Life
• The Creation Theory
• A supreme being, God, created the universe and
  all within
• The Theory of Evolution
• Chemical evolution
• The historic development of a related group of
  organisms
• Phylogeny
• The evolutionary development and history of a
  species or higher taxonomic grouping of organisms
• Life arose from an assembly of large molecules
• Details on this theory in the 2nd half of the
  course
• Extraterrestrial
• Panspermia
• Theory that microorganisms or biochemical
  compounds from outer space are responsible for
  originating life on Earth and possibly other
  parts of the universe where suitable atmospheric
  conditions exist
• Life was formed elsewhere in the universe and was
  placed on the newly formed planet Earth

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• Creationism

• Evolution

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Panspermia
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Properties of Life IV

• Living things regulate use of energy and respond
  to their environment
• Via chemical reactions
• All life depends on chemical reactions that take
  place within cells
• Cells, with the aid of enzymes, carry out
  chemical reactions
• Cells are able to metabolize
• Autotrophs
• Capable of synthesizing all if their organic
  molecules
• Hetereotrophs
• Obtain energy from chemical fuels via oxidation
• Not able to synthesize all needed materials
• Some nutrients must be obtained through diet
• Essential amino acids
• Metabolic Pathways
• More to come

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Autotroph vs. Heterotroph
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Properties of Life V

• Reproduce
• All living things share same genetic code
• Code is passed parent to offspring
• Asexual
• Sexual

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Properties of Life VI

• Osmoregulation
• All life require liquid water
• Regulate exchange of material across cell
  membrane
• Solvents solutes
• With the environment
• Helps maintain differences in and outside of the
  cell

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Properties of Life VII

• Communication
• Intra (within) or inter (between)
• Occurs in individual cells
• More to come

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Properties of Life VIII

• Animation
• Movement
• stuff have the ability to move within cells
• Cells also have the ability to move

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Properties of Life IX

• All living organisms change form and function at
  different stages of their life cycles
• Grow
• Divide
• Develop
• Differentiate

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Properties of Life X

• Death
• Absence of previous 9 properties

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Properties of Life SummaryTen Things that
Characterize a Cell as Living

• Cells obey Laws of energetics
• Cells are highly structured
• Cells have an evolutionary origin
• Descendant
• Cells metabolize
• Cells replicate (reproduce)
• Cells osmoregulate
• Cells communicate
• Cells show animation
• Movement
• Cells grow, divide differentiate
• Cells die