Foot Anatomy

1
Foot Anatomy
2
Bone Anatomy

• Tarsal Bones
• Calcaneus
• Sustentaculum Tali
• Peroneal Tubercle
• Cuboid
• Navicular
• 3 Cuneiforms
• 5 metatarsals
• 5 phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)
• Exception

3
Division of the Foot

• Rearfoot
• Midfoot
• Forefoot

4
Hindfoot (Rearfoot)

• Subtalor Joint
• Talus and calcaneus articulation
• Individual Bone Formation
• Calcaneus
• Calcaneal Tuberosity
• Sustentaculum Tali
• Inferior Talus
• Three facets
• Five functional articulation

5
Midfoot

• Composed of
• Navicular
• 3 cuneiforms
• cuboid

6
Forefoot

• 5 MTs
• Proximally 1-3 articulate with cuneiforms
• Proximally 4-5 articulate with cuboid
• Bases articulate with
• Phalanges

7
Articulations and Ligamentous Support

• Subtalor Joint
• Three facets
• Motions of the Subtalor Joint
• Supination Components
• Pronation Components
• WB vs NWB Status of Foot at Subtalor joint

8
Hindfoot Articulations and Ligamentous Support

• Subtalor Joint
• Ligamentous Support
• Intra-articular Ligaments
• Interosseous Talocalcaneal
• Ligamentum Cervis
• Medial Talocalcaneal
• Lateral Talocalcaneal

9
Midfoot Articulations and Ligamentous Support

• Six Joints
• Talocalcaneonavicular
• Calcaneocuboid
• Cuboideonavicular
• Intercuneiform
• Cuneocuboid
• Cuneonavicular
• Transverse Tarsal
• Comprised by calcaneocuboid talonavicular
• Stability Related to subtalor joint

10
Midfoot Articulations and Ligamentous Support

• Ligamentous Support
• Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
• Plantar Calcaneonavicular (Spring Ligament)
• Talonavicular
• Bifurcate
• Calcaneonavicular
• Calcaneocuboid
• Calcaneocuboid Joint
• Bifurcate Ligament
• Calcaneocuboid portion
• Plantar Calcaneocuboid
• Long Plantar Ligament

11
Midfoot Articulations and Ligamentous Support

• Ligamentous Support
• Intercuneiform Joints
• Dorsal and Plantar Intercuneifrom Ligaments
• Cuneocuboid
• Plantar and Dorsal Cuneocuboid Ligaments
• Cuneonavicular Joints
• Plantar and Dorsal Cuneonavicular Ligaments

12
Forefoot Articulations and Ligamentous Support

• Tarsometatarsal Joint (Lisfrancs Joint)
• Intermetatarsal Joint
• Metatarsalphalangeal Joint (MTP)
• Interphalangeal Joint
• PIP
• DIP

13
Forefoot Articulations and Ligamentous Support

• Ligamentous Support
• Intermetatarsal Joint
• Proximal
• Distal
• MTP Joints
• Plantar Fascia
• Plantar Ligament
• MCL and LCL
• Interphalangeal Joints
• Plantar and dorsal joint capsule
• MCL and LCL

14
Arches of the Foot

• Function
• Medial Longitudinal Arch
• Lateral Longitudinal Arch
• Transverse Arch

15
Arches of the Foot

• Medial Longitudinal Arch
• Calcaneus
• Talus
• Navicular
• 1-3 cuneiforms
• 1-3 MTs
• Function

16
Arches of the Foot

• Medial Longitudinal Arch continued
• Ligament Support
• Plantar Calcaneonavicular
• Long Plantar Lig
• Deltoid
• Plantar fascia

17
Arches of the Foot

• Medial Longitudinal Arch continued
• Ligament Support
• Plantar Calcaneonavicular
• Long Plantar Lig
• Deltoid
• Plantar fascia

18
Arches of the Foot

• Medial Longitudinal Arch continued
• Ligament Support
• Plantar Calcaneonavicular
• Long Plantar Lig
• Deltoid
• Plantar fascia

19
Arches of the Foot

• Medial Longitudinal Arch continued
• Ligament Support
• Plantar Calcaneonavicular
• Long Plantar Lig
• Deltoid
• Plantar fascia

20
Arches of the Foot

• Medial Longitudinal Arch continued
• Muscular Support
• Intrinsic
• Abductor Hallucis
• Flexor Digitorum Brevis
• Extrinsic
• Tibialis Posterior
• Flexor Hallucis Longus
• Flexor Digitorum Longus
• Tibialis Anterior
• Flexor Digitorm Longus

21
Arches of the Foot

• Medial Longitudinal Arch continued
• Muscular Support
• Intrinsic
• Abductor Hallucis
• Flexor Digitorum Brevis
• Extrinsic
• Tibialis Posterior
• Flexor Hallucis Longus
• Flexor Digitorum Longus
• Tibialis Anterior
• Flexor Digitorm Longus

22
Arches of the Foot

• Lateral Longitudinal Arch
• Composed of
• Calcaneus
• Cuboid
• 4-5th MTs
• Ligament Support
• Long Short Plantar
• Plantar Fascia

23
Arches of the Foot

• Lateral Longitudinal Arch continued
• Muscle Support
• Intrinsic
• Abductor Digiti Minimi
• Flexor Digitorum Brevis
• Extrinisic
• Peroneus Longus, Brevis Tertius

24
Summary of Arches
25
Arches of the Foot

• Transverse Arch
• Formed By
• Ligament Support
• Intermetatarsal Ligaments
• Plantar Fascia
• Muscle Support
• All intrinsic muscles
• Extrinisic
• Tibialis Posterior
• Tibialis Anterior
• Peroneus Longus

26
Foot Muscles Plantar Surface

• Superficial Layer
• Abductor Hallucis
• Abductor Digiti Minimi
• Flexor Digitorum Brevis

27
Foot Muscles Plantar Surface

• Middle Layer
• Quadratus Plantae
• Lumbricales

28
Foot Muscles Plantar Surface

• Deep Layer
• Flexor Hallucis Brevis
• Adductor Hallucis
• Transverse and Oblique Heads
• Flexor Digiti Minimi

29
Foot Muscles Plantar Surface

• Interosseus Layer
• Plantar Interossei
• Dorsal Interossei

30
Foot Muscles Dorsal Surface

• Extensor Digitorum Brevis
• Extensor Hallucis Brevis