PAVEMENT

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PAVEMENT

• Work programme
• Denis François (LCPC)
• Cliff Nicholls (TRL)
• Erik Nielsen (DRI)
• Francisco Sinis (CEDEX)
• Jean-Michel PIAU (LCPC)

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PLAN OF PRESENTATION

• Introduction
• General objective of SAMARIS Pavement project
• Context
• Overview of the technical programme
• Review of technical WP3 to WP6
• Objective
• Tasks
• Deliverables
• (QA period)
• Conclusion
• Budget
• Benefits of end-users

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Pavement - IntroductionGENERAL OBJECTIVE

• Sustainable (and Advanced) MAterials for Road
  InfraStructure
• Objective
• Anticipate the greater use of recycled materials
  in pavement construction maintenance within
  the frame of Sustainable Development Policy
• Prepare the next generation of CEN standards
• Special attention given to the situation of
  Central European countries

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Pavement - IntroductionGENERAL OBJECTIVE

• Clarification of recycling policy
• numerous materials and situations
• sources of materials road (in place/storage),
  deconstruction, demolition, waste (industrial)
  materials,
• destination subgrade, subbase, wearing course,
  pavement shoulders, low/high traffic roads
• process cold/warm, fixed/mobile plant,
  bitumen/hydraulic binders
• Various experiences from the different countries

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Pavement - IntroductionCONTEXT

• 1) Sustainable development policy (SDP) cares for
  
• Technical aspects
• Environmental and health aspects
• Economical aspects
• Social aspects

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Pavement IntroductionCONTEXT

• Adequacy between SDP and the re-use of materials
  in Pavement construction maintenance (PCM)
• Favourable conjonctural aspects
• PCM needs high quantity of materials
• no need for very highly performant materials
• Benefits of re-use
• spare of natural materials
• limitation of waste materials and waste disposal
• possibility of economical savings

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Pavement - IntroductionCONTEXT

• But SDP also requires that recycling is
• no detrimental to nature, especially to ground
  water (environmental aspects at long run)
• no detrimental to human being, especially to
  workers during construction/maintenance phase
  (safety aspects)
• sufficiently performant from a technical point
  of view (durability of infrastructure, properties
  of wearing course - skid resistance,)
• ?
• Peculiar importance given to environmental,
  safety and mechanical aspects

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Pavement - IntroductionCONTEXT

• 2) On-going work for European standardisation
• Mandate 124,
• ?
• Important place given in SAMARIS to
  pre-standardisation work (first or second
  generation of standards)
• 3) Several previous international research
  projects in the same area
• ALT-MAT,Courage, Polmit, COST337,
• ?
• Important place given to litterature review

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Pavement - IntroductionOVERVIEW OF THE
TECHNICAL PROGRAMME

• Assess the environmental risks linked to
  infrastructures, built or reinforced with
  alternative materials assess the performance of
  structures (durability) (WP3, LCPC)
• 2) Prepare the work for the introduction of
  environmental and safety concerns in
  specifications of alternative materials, both
  during the pavement construction/deconstruction
  phase or during the service life (detection of
  hazardous components) take into account the
  specific scenario of fires in tunnels
• (WP4, TRL)

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Pavement - IntroductionOVERVIEW OF THE
TECHNICAL PROGRAMME

• 3) Promote performance-based specifications,
  available  whatever  the materials, instead of
  formulation based on recipe (WP5, CEDEX)
• restricted in SAMARIS to the case of
  specification against permanent deformation
• 4) Clarify the international context of
  re-cycling provide up-dated information and
  recommendations about the techniques and
  applications of recycling
• (WP6, DRI)

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Pavement - IntroductionOVERVIEW OF THE
TECHNICAL PROGRAMME

• WP3 Assessment of alternative materials (LCPC)
• WP4 Safety and environmental concerns in
  material specifications (TRL)
• WP5 Performance-based spec. (CEDEX)
• WP6 Techniques for recycling (DRI)
• ?
• WP2 for development, review of the programme,
  interrelation between WPs
• 17 partners

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Pavement - IntroductionOVERVIEW OF THE TECHNICAL
PROGRAMME

• General features of the research programme
• Interrelation between WPs
• Litterature review
• Use of questionnaires (some to the reference
  group members)
• Use of models
• Development of methodological tools
• Sharing crossing of the experience from the
  different countries
• Clustering with FORMAT
• technico-economical optimisation of recycling
  techniques
• Quality assurance frame internal/external
  review of production, reference group,...

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Pavement - IntroductionOVERVIEW OF THE TECHNICAL
PROGRAMME

• Main expected deliverables
• General methodology for the assessment of
  functional, safety and environmental aspects
• Protocols to investigate hazardous components,
  when re-using pavement materials
• Environmental annex to CEN products standards
• Mechanical models and test methods for
  performance-based specifications
• Technical guides and recommendations for a
  proper-use of recycling techniques in road
  construction

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WP3 Assessment for alternative materials Denis
François -LCPC

• Main objective
• Develop an approach for the assessment of
  eco-compatibility and durability of alternative
  materials in road construction
• Task 3.1 Review of regulation about recycling,
  existing in different countries (Europe, USA,)
• Task 3.2 Development of a methodology for the
  assessment of alternative materials, based on use
  scenarios

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Complementary approaches
Material geotechnics
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Examples
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WP3 Assessment for alternative materials
MATERIALS TO BE CONTEMPLATED

• MSWI (Municipal solid waste incinerator)
• bottom ash, coal fly ash
• crushed concrete (from building and road
  demolition)
• blast oxygen furnace slag, electric arc furnace
  slag, air cooled blast furnace slag, granulated
  (vitrified) blast furnace slag
• decontaminated soils.

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WP3 Assessment for alternative materials
DELIVERABLES

• Report on existing specific national regulations
  applied to material recycling. (December 2003)
• Report on the critical analysis of European texts
  (March 2004)
• Influent factors and their range of variation in
  road applications (March 2004)

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WP4 Safety and Environmental Concerns in
Material Specifications Cliff Nichols -TRL

• Task 4.1 Detection of hazardous components into
  materials before their re-use
• Task 4.2 Reaction of pavement materials to
  fires (ex asphalt materials tunnels)
• Task 4.3 Environmental annexes to CEN standard
  products

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WP4 Safety and Environmental Concerns in
Material Specifications

• Task 4.1 Detection of hazardous components into
  materials before their re-use
• Materials creating either
• hazardous fines, when pulverised
• hazardous fumes, when heated (mixing)
• near or exceed flash point, during heating
• risks of leaching, when in place (cf. WP3)
• Ex tar, polymer in modified binders, abestos
  fibres,
• Identification of a set of detection tests,
  candidate to standardisation
• Real implication on health, out of scope

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WP4 Safety and Environmental Concerns in
Material Specifications

• Task 4.2 Reaction of pavement materials to
  fires
• Objective clarification of the need to
  investigate the reaction to fire of pavement
  materials define the appropriate testing
  procedures (mandate 124)
• EU demand following major incidents in tunnels
• Work in SAMARIS on traditionnal asphalt materials
  (highly porous or not, surface dressing, slurry
  surfacing,)
• 2 phases, with milestone
• survey among authorities litterature review
• If knowledge gaps identified, define means
  development

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WP4 Safety and Environmental Concerns in
Material Specifications

• Task 4.3 Environmental annexes to CEN standard
  products
• Objective prepare an environmental annex to CEN
  standard products
• Strongly interrelated with WP3
• Make pilot environmental studies on various type
  of materials

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WP4 Safety and Environmental Concerns in
Material Specifications DELIVERABLES

• Task 4.1
• Report on existing test methods for the detection
  of hazardous components (December 2003)
• Report on the test methods for the detection of
  hazardous components (August 2005)
• Task 4.2
• Report on the survey on road authorities
  positions with regards to reaction of pavement
  materials to fire (Feb.2004)
• Report on testing procedure for reaction to fire
  of pavement materials (June 2005)
• Task 4.3
• Report on the environmental annex to road product
  standards (September 2005)

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WP5 Performance based Specifications Erik
Nielsen -DRI

• Main objective
• Material design evolve from a recipe approach
  to a performance based approach
• Pre-standardisation work
• Feasibility methodology, rather than
  exhaustivity
• Work mostly on classical pavement materials
• Permanent deformation of unbound granular
  materials and asphalt materials

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WP5 Performance based SpecificationsTASKS

• Task 5.2 Permanent deformation of unbound
  materials modelling and validation
• Task 5.3 Rutting of bituminous pavements
  modelling and validation
• ?
• ?
• Task 5.1 Calibration and validation of material
  and structural models from full scale data
• Constitution of a database of well documented
  full scale testing (field or ALT)

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WP5 Performance based SpecificationsGENERAL
FEATURES

• Distinction beetween
• Routine models
• Advanced models
• Research models (not fully addressed in SAMARIS)

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WP5 Performance based SpecificationsDELIVERABLE
S

• Data base and report on reference full scale
  tests (April 2004)
• Report on models for prediction of permanent
  deformation of unbound granular materials in
  flexible pavement (April 2004)
• Report on models for prediction of rutting in
  bituminous surface layers (April 2004)
• Calibration and validation report for modelling
  of permanent deformation of unbound and
  bituminous materials in flexible pavements and
  recommendations for the definition of
  performance-based specifications (September 2005)

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WP6 Techniques for Recycling Francisco
Sinis CEDEX

• Main objective
• provide up-dated information and recommendations
  about the techniques and applications of
  recycling
• Task 6.1 To elaborate a technical guide on
  recycling techniques
•  Task 6.2 To review the situation on recycling
  in Central European countries.

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WP6 Techniques for RecyclingMAIN FEATURES

• Strongly interconnected with WP3
• Materials of interest
• Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator
• Steel Slag, Blast Furnace Slag, Non-Ferrous slag
• Coal Fly Ash, Coal Bottom Ash
• Mining Waste Rock
• Blast Furnace Slag
• Ground Granulated
• Scrap Tyres
• Waste Glass
• Foundry Sand

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WP6 Techniques for RecyclingDELIVERABLES

• Report on literature review on recycling of
  by-products in road construction in Europe (Dec.
  2003)
• Report recommendations for mixing plants for
  recycling works (June 2004)
• Report on the situation on recycling in Central
  European countries (August 2004)
• Technical guide on techniques of recycling
  (September 2005)

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PavementCONCLUSION

• Budget
• 193 man-months, 1 631 000 Euros
• Expected benefits for road owners, road users,
  research institutes
• Co-ordination of actions, implementation, no
  duplication of effort, association of CEE
  countries
• Assessment of the eco-compatibility of materials
  to be re-used in road works
• Less problems of pollution.Better use of
  by-products and preservation of natural resources
• Increased safety at road work less health
  problems with undetected hazardous components
  when recycling

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PavementCONCLUSION

• Expected benefits for road owners, road users,
  research institutes
• Performance-based specification for functional
  properties of pavement materials for flexible
  pavements,bituminous surface layers
• Possibility to assess in a common way different
  types of materials including secondary materials
  and by-products
• Reduction in cost of pavement works by the use of
  a larger range of materials
• Technical guide on recycling techniques

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• Further comments/questions
• Jean-michel.piau_at_lcpc.fr