Cranial Nerve Diseases

1
Cranial Nerve Diseases
2
Cranial Nerve Disorders??
3
Types of Cranial Diseases

• Bells Palsy
• Trigeminal Neuralgia
• Conjugate Gaze Palsies
• Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
• Hemifacial Spasm
• Hypoglossal Nerve Disorder
• Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
• Palsies of cranial nerve that controls eye
  movements
• Acoustic Neuroma
• Facial Nerve
• Meniere Disease
• Vertigo and Dizziness

4

• Bell Palsy

5
WHAT IS BELLS PALSY?

• Bells palsy is the most common facial
  paralysis. Bell's palsy is a form of temporary
  facial paralysis resulting from trauma to one of
  the two facial nerves. It is resulted by the
  damage of 7th cranial nerve. In general, Bell's
  palsy affect only one of the paired facial nerves
  and one side of the face, yet, in rare cases, it
  can affect both sides. 
• The term Bells Palsy is coined by Sir Charles
  Bell

6
Causes Of Bells Palsy

• Bells palsy causes significant facial
  deformation. Most scientists believe that a viral
  infection such as viral meningitis or the common
  cold sore virus -- herpes simplex-- causes the
  disorder when the facial nerve swells and becomes
  inflamed in reaction to the infection. Bell's
  palsy involves damage to the seventh cranial
  (facial) nerve that controls the movement of the
  muscles of the face. Other conditions, such as
  sarcoidosis, diabetes, and Lyme disease, are
  associated with Bell's palsy.

7
Prevalence of Bells Palsy

• Increased with age
• Overall 0.5 per year per 1,000
• Age 20 0.1 per year per 1,000
• Age 80 0.6 per year per 1,000
• Bell's palsy affects about 2 in 10,000 people

8
Symptoms of Bells Palsy

• --Symptoms usually start suddenly, and range from
  mild to severe. They may include
• Twitching in face
• Weakness in face
• Face feels stiff or pulled to one side
• Droopy eyelid or corner of mouth
• Drooling due to inability to control facial
  muscles
• Facial Paralysis of one side of the face, makes
  it hard to close one eye
• Change in facial expression (for example,
  grimacing)
• Dry eye or mouth
• Loss of sense of taste
• Difficulty with eating and drinking
• Pain behind or in front of the ear, may occur 1-2
  days before muscle weakness
• Sensitivity to sound (hyperacusis) on the side of
  the face affected
• Headache
• --These symptoms of Bell's palsy usually begin
  suddenly and reach their peak within 48 hours

9
Treatment for Bells palsy

• SAD NEWS!! There is no cure or normal course of
  treatment for Bell's palsy. The most important
  factor in treatment is to remove the source of
  the nerve damage. Some cases are gentle and do
  not require treatment since the symptoms usually
  drop on their own within 2 weeks. For some
  patients, treatment may include medications such
  as acyclovir -- used to fight viral infections --
  combined with an anti-inflammatory drug such as
  the steroid prednisone -- used to reduce
  inflammation and swelling.  Medications such as
  aspirin, acetaminophen, or ibuprofen may relieve
  pain, but because of possible drug interactions,
  patients should always talk to their doctors
  before taking any medications.  There is a
  decompression surgery for Bell's palsy -- to
  relieve pressure on the nerve, but it is
  controversial and is rarely suggested.
• GOOD NEWS!! In general, the prognosis (forecast)
  for individuals with Bell's palsy is very good.
  The degree of nerve damage determines the degree
  of recovery.  With or without treatment, most
  individuals begin to heal within 2 weeks after
  the early onset of symptoms and recuperate
  entirely within 3 to 6 months.

10
Prevention for Bells Palsy

• Taking Care of Yourself!!
• Use of safety measures may reduce the incidence
  of head injury.
• AVOID HITTING YOUR HEAD ON THE WALL !!
• Many of the other factors associated with this
  disorder are not readily preventable.

11
FAQs on Bells Palsy

• Who coined the term Bells Palsy?
  
• a) Sigmund Freud
• b) Graham Bell
• c) Sir Charles Bell
• d) Sweety Thomas
• Bells Palsy reach its peak within ____
• a)1 hr
• b)30 days
• c)365 days
• d) 42 hrs
• There is cure or normal course of treatment for
  Bell's palsy
• a)True
• b) False
• Bells Palsy affects about ___ of 10,000 people
• a)1
• b) 2