Sister Callista Roy: Roy Adaptation Model

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Sister Callista RoyRoy Adaptation Model
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Image

• Mid 1960s through the 1970s
• Caring
• Stereotypes

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Evolving Image

• The Female Liberation Movement
• Feminism
• Empowerment
• Professionals

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• Personal Image
• Sister Nurse
• Nurse Scholar

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Callista Roy-time line
1987-Present Professor, and Nurse
Theorist. School of Nursing, Boston College
1991 Research, Measurement
ofadapting to situations
1966-83 Dept. of Nursing (MSMC)
1971 Integration of Psychiatric
Concept
1978 Award,
Fellow of American Academy of Nursing
October 14, 1939 Callista Roy Born
1964-66 Conceptualization of Model
1973 MA (Sociology)
1981 Founders Award
1963 BA (Nursing)
1966 MS (Nursing)
1971-74 Chair, Dept of Nursing (MSMC)
1977 PhD (Sociology)
1968 Model put into practice
1978-79 Study, Project Director
1991 Award, National League for
Nursing
1987 100,000 (est.) nursing
students graduated with knowledge of RAM
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MetaparadigmPerson

• Humans are holistic, adaptive systems
• A whole with the parts that function in unity for
  some purpose
• Not limited to just the individual can include
  groups, families, organizations, communities, and
  society as a whole

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Metaparadigm ContEnvironment

• Includes all the conditions, circumstances, and
  influences surrounding and affecting the
  development and behaviours of the person.
• Stimuli include can be categorized as focal,
  contextual and residual.
• Internal and External

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Metaparadigm ContHealth

• A state and a process of being and becoming
  integrated as a whole person
• Reflection of adaptation that is the interaction
  of the person and the environment

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Metaparadigm ContNursing

• Acts to enhance the interaction of the person
  with the environment to promote adaptation
• A science and practice that expands adaptive
  abilities and enhances person and environmental
  transformation.

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Metaparadigm ContAdaptation

• Added by Roy
• Process and outcome whereby thinking and feeling
  persons use conscious awareness and choice to
  create human environment integration
• every human life is purposeful in a universe
  that is creative and persons are inseparable from
  the environment
• (Dr. Callista Roy).

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Roy Adaptation Model(RAM)-Terms

• System-a set of parts connected to function as a
  whole for some purpose
• Stimulus-something that provokes a response,
  point of interaction for the human system and the
  environment
• Focal Stimuli-internal or external stimulus most
  immediately affecting the system
• Contextual Stimulus-all other stimulus present in
  the situation
• Residual Stimulus-environmental factor, that
  effects on the situation that are unclear

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Terms Cont

• Regulator Subsystem-automatic response to
  stimulus (neural, chemical, and endocrine)
• Cognator Subsystem-responds through four
  cognitive-emotive channels (perceptual and
  information processing, learning, judgment, and
  emotion)
• Behaviour-internal or external actions and
  reactions under specific circumstances
• Adaptive Responses-promote the integrity of the
  human system
• Ineffective Responses-neither promote not
  contribute to the integrity of the human system

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Terms Cont

• Copping Process-innate or acquired ways of
  interacting with the changing environment
• Innate-genetically determined, automatic process
• Acquired-developed through learning, deliberate
  and conscious

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4 Modes of Adaptation

• 1.Physiologic-Physical Mode
• Behaviour pertaining to the physical aspect of
  the human system
• Physical and chemical processes
• Nurse must be knowledgeable about normal
  processes
• 5 needs (Oxygenation, Nutrition, Elimination,
  Activity Rest, and Protection)

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• 2.Self Concept-Group Identity Mode
• The composite of beliefs and feelings held about
  oneself at a given time
• Focus on the psychological and spiritual aspects
  of the human system
• Need to know who one is, so that one can exist
  with a state of unity, meaning, and
  purposefulness
• 2 modes (physical self, and personal self)

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• 3.Role Function Mode
• Set of expectations about how a person occupying
  one position behaves toward a person occupying
  another position
• Basic need-social integrity, the need to know who
  one is in relation to others

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• 4.Interdependance Mode
• Behaviour pertaining to interdependent
  relationships of individuals and groups
• Focus on the close relationships of people and
  their purpose
• Each relationship exists for some reason
• Involves the willingness and ability to give to
  others and accept from others
• Balance results in feelings of being valued and
  supported by others
• Basic need-feeling of security in relationships

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Stimulus
Feedback
Roy Adaptation Model
Physiologic Mode
Self Concept Mode
Responses
Role Function Mode
Human System
Interdependence Mode
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NIPISSING BUDDING NURSING THEORISTS Presents
The Life and Times of Julie P.
Screen Play by M.Hansen Directed by
S.J.Fitzgerald
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Scene 1

• Child has just been diagnosed with DM
• Mother is trying to maintain a positive attitude
  about the experience

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Scene 2

• Evidence of ineffective adaptation

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Scene 3

• Nurse offers suggestion (intervention)

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Scene 4

• Change in Julie Ps behaviour
• Adaptation evident

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Scene 5

• Building on past interventions
• Offering more choices

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Scene 6

• Effective Adaptation achieved

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6 Step Nursing Process

• Assesses the behaviours manifested from the four
  adaptive modes
• Assess the stimuli, and categorize them into type
  of stimuli
• Create a nursing diagnosis of the persons
  adaptive state
• Set goals to improve adaptation
• Implement interventions to achieve goals
• Evaluate if goals have been met

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Six Step Nursing Process
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Our personal philosophy

• The positive energy exchange that occurs between
  a nurse and the client results in a true, caring,
  therapeutic relationship, conducive to a healing
  environment.

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References

• George, J.B. (2002). Nursing Theories, The Base
  for Professional Nursing Practice. Upper Saddle
  River, NJ. Prentice Hall.
• Fawcette, J. (2002). The Nurse Theorists 21st
  Century Updates-Callista Roy. Nursing Quarterly.
  154,3008-310
• Roy, C. Andrews, H.A. (1999). The Roy
  Adaptation Model. Stamford, CT. Appleton
  Lance.
• Tomey, A.M. Alligood, M.R. (2002). Nursing
  theorists and their work. St.Louis Mosby
• Unknown. Implementing the Roy adaptation model
  From theory to practice. Retrieved from
  www2.bc.edu on November 12, 2006.