Kingdoms in Africa

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Kingdoms in Africa

• 750BCE 1586 BC

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• Second largest continent 1/5th lands surface
• Various climates
• Savanna grassy plain
• Deserts Sahara worlds largest
• Natural resources

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Movement

• Large coastline Few harbors
• Interior high plateau
• Rivers turn into rapids as approach the coast
• Red Sea linked with M.E.
• North / Med.

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People Sahara

• Paleolithic people nomadic hunters
• Once a well-watered zone
• Neolithic farmers
• Desertification spreading of the desert
• Slash and burn
• People migrate South

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Civilizations

• Great Rift Valley
• Home of earliest people
• Decedents all over the world
• Leakey found bone pieces in Tanzania
• Lucy in Ethiopia

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Bantu

• Language
• Roots back to Bantu
• Changed with migrations

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Nubia / Kush

• Present day Sudan
• Egyptian traditions
• Conquered Egypt for a short period of time
• Capital in Meroe
• Rich in iron
• Traded with Med M.E.

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North Africa

• Carthage Empire
• (Rome crushed) Influence
• Trade continued
• Cities and Public Works in North Africa
• Animals for Gladiators
• Christianity
• Arab armies will bring Islam

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Importance of Camels

• Able to cross desert for more trade
• GOLD AND SALT
• Gold in Timbuktu (sits on Niger River)/Salt in
  Taghaza
• Salt a commodity necessity

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Ghana Land of Gold

• Sits on a v of Niger and Senegal Rivers
• King controlled Gold and Salt trade
• Collected tolls
• Islam traditions moved in
• Language, coins, architecture
• Eventually overshadowed by kingdom of Mali

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Mansa Musa

• Mansa Kings
• 1312
• Expanded boarders to Atlantic Ocean
• Converted to Islam
• Worked to restore peace

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Other Kingdoms in West Africa

• Songhai largest
• Hausa (Nigeria)
• Clay walled cities
• Benin
• Bronze and brass sculptures

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East Africa

• Nubia (Ethiopia) Diffusion with Greek, Roman,
  Indian,
• Christian while rest of Africa is converting to
  Islam
• Isolated
• Saw themselves as a Christian outpost

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• Nubia (Ethiopia) trade with India
• Figured out Monsoons could carry ships to India
  in the summer and back to Africa in the winter

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• Benin Sculptures later showed Portuguese
  merchants
• Looking for route to India
• At first Benin benefited
• Later opened door to slave trade with Europeans

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Effects

• Countless men and women disappeared
• Small states disappeared
• New African states arose some it was a way of
  life and income

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• Trade opened up Cultural Diffusion occurred
  (Spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from
  one to another
• New Language
• The Swahili language, is basically of Bantu
  (African) origin. It has borrowed words from
  other languages such as Arabic probably as a
  result of the Swahili people using the Quran
  written in Arabic for spiritual guidance as
  Muslims.

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Government

• Power usually shared rather than in hands of a
  single leader

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Family

• Nuclear parents and children living and working
  together
• An individuals place in society was also
  determined by a system of age grades
• Girls and boys born in the same year