Biodiversity of Early Paleozoic II

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Lecture 10 Biodiversity of Early Paleozoic
II Knights in Chitin The Arthropods
cont Clams, Cones and Spirals Life of
Mollusks Life with a Lophophore Brachiopods,
Bryozoans and Kin Spiny Skins and Moving Flowers
Echinoderms Evolution of the Chordates
Worms with Fins
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Arthropoda et al.
NM not monophyletic extinct Blue
Main groups to be covered Green mostly
terrestrial
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Trilobita
Schmalenseeia Cambrian
Ogygiopsis Cambrian
Bumastus Silurian
Hypodicranotus Ordovician
Pliomera Ordovician
Elrathia kingi Cambrian
Cryptolithus Ordovician
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Arthropoda et al.
NM not monophyletic extinct Blue
Main groups to be covered Green mostly
terrestrial
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Chelicerata
Characters
1) an anterior prosoma (or cephalothorax) of 6
segments plus a presegmental acron
2) a posterior opisthoma (or abdomen) composed of
12 or less segments
3) a postsegmental telson
4) Pair of pincers in 1st preoral segment
Limulus Xiphosura (Cambrian - Recent)
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The Chelicera of the Chelicerata
Pycnogonid
Limulus Eurypterids
Spider Scopion
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Anderson Selden (1997)
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Xiphosurans
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Paleolimulus, Mississippian Montana
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Euproops sp. Pennyslvanian, Netherlands
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Mesolimulus Late Jurassic, Solnhofen, Germany
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Arthropoda et al.
NM not monophyletic extinct Blue
Main groups to be covered Green mostly
terrestrial
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Pterygotus
Eurypterus
Ernst Haeckel''s Kunstformen der Natur published
1899-1904 by Verlag des Bibliographischen
Instituts, Leipzig and Vienna.
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Arthropoda et al.
NM not monophyletic extinct Blue
Main groups to be covered Green mostly
terrestrial
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Pycnogonida

• Characters
• Extremely reduced bodies with abdomen almost gone
• Legs, long and clawed
• Head with long proboscis with terminal mouth
• Several simple eyes on a central tubercle
• The head bears a pair of claws
• Head with a pair of ovigers on which the eggs are
  carried

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Orsten Pycnogonid larva
Cambropycnogon klausmuelleri
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Herefordshire Konservat Lagerstätte Silurian,
England
www.earth.ox.ac.uk/herefordshire/intro.htm
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Pycnogonid from the Herefordshire Konservat
Lagerstätte
Haliestes dasos Nymphon gracile
(Silurian) (Recent)
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Palaeoisopus problematicus
Devonian, Hunsruck Slate, Bundenbach
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Palaeoisopus problematicus
Devonian, Hunsruck Slate, Bundenbach
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Arthropoda et al.
NM not monophyletic extinct Blue
Main groups to be covered Green mostly
terrestrial
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Arachnida
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Arachnida
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Arthropoda et al.
NM not monophyletic extinct Blue
Main groups to be covered Green mostly
terrestrial
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Myripoda
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Arthropoda et al.
NM not monophyletic extinct Blue
Main groups to be covered Green mostly
terrestrial
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Crustacea Cephalocarida Remmipedia Branchiopoda
Ostracoda Copepoda Cirripedia Branchiura Tan
tulocarida Malacostraca
Arthropods in which the the embryo develops by
spiral cleavage and then becomes a Nauplius
larva,before metamorphosing into the juvenile and
then adult form.
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Cephalocarida, Remipedia, Branchyopoda
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Ostracoda
Cirripedia
Tantulocarida
Copepoda
Brachyura
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Malacostraca
Anaspides
Nebalia
Cancer
Procambarus
Squilla
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Orsten Crustacea
Nauplius larvae
Phosphatocopinid ostracodes
Rebachiella branchiopod
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Burgess Crustacea
Canadapsis perfecta
Tuzoia
Waptia fieldensis
Isoxys acutangulus
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Chengjiang Crustacea
Wapatia ovata
Branchiocaris
Eraicunia multinodosa
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Hunsruck Crustacea
Nahecaris steurtzi
Wingertshellicus backesi
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Hunsruck Crustacea ?
Mimetaster hexagonalis
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Oldest Eumalacostracan
Archangeliphausia spinosa, Early Devonian, Polar
Russia
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5 key innovations
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Annelida
Radiata
Chordata
Platyhelminthes
Echinodermata
Nematoda
Porifera
Segmentation
Rotifera
Deuterostome development
Coelom
Choanoflagellida
Bilateral symmetry
Tissues
Animal ancestor
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Annelida the true worms

• distinguished by ringlike external segments
• these coincide with internal partitions
  containing digestive and reproductive organs
  repeated in tandem.
• many develop from free-swimming ciliated larvae
  known as trochophores.

• have bristles composed of chitin used for
  locomotion or
• other functions, such as anchoring the worms in
  their burrows.

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Annelida Burgess Shale
Canadia
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Scolecodonts Chitinous jaws of polychaete
annelids. Cambrian - Recent
Jaws of a eunicid polychaete
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Scolecodonts
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Scolecodonts
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5 key innovations
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Annelida
Radiata
Chordata
Platyhelminthes
Echinodermata
Nematoda
Porifera
Segmentation
Rotifera
Deuterostome development
Coelom
Choanoflagellida
Bilateral symmetry
Tissues
Animal ancestor
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Mollusca clams, snails, squid..

• soft-bodied
• most have an internal or an external shell
• have a mantle a fold in the body wall that
  lines the shell and secretes the calcium
  carbonate of which the shell is made.
• have a radula, a hard strap made of chitin that
  is used to gather food by boring or scraping.
• live in aquatic or moist environments.

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Mollusca Aplacophora Polyplachophora
(Amphineura) Monoplacophora Rostroconchia
Scaphapoda Bivalvia Gastropoda Cephalopoda
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Polyplacophora Gastropoda
Rostroconchia Aplacophora \Monoplacophora \
Cephalopoda \ Scaphopoda Bivalvia \
\ \ \ / \ \
/ \ \ \ \ /
\ \ / \ \ \ \
/ \ \ / \ \
\ \/ \ \/
\ \ \ Cyrtosoma \ /
\ \ \ \
\ / \ \ \ \
\ / \ \ \
\ \/ \ \
\ \ Diasoma
\ \ \ \ /
\ \ \ \ /
\ \ \ \ /
\ \ \ \
/ \ \ \ \
/ \ \ \ \
/ \ \ \
\/ \ \ \
/ \ \ \ /
\ \ \ /
\ \ \/
\ \ Conchifera
\ \ /
\ \ /
\ \/
\ Testaria
\ / \ /
\/
/
hypothetical ancestral mollusk
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Body fossil
Radula
Odontogriphus
Jean-Bernard Caron Et al., 2006
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Aplacophora (no fossil record)
Neomeniomorpha (Solenogastres)
Chaetodermomorpha (Caudofoveata)
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Polyplacophora (Cambrian-Recent)
Tonicella lineata (Lined chiton)
Cryptochiton stelleri (Gumboot chiton)
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Burgess Shale Monoplacophoran
Scenella and Yohoia
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Monoplacophora
Tryblidium reticulatum, Silurian Sweden
Scenella, Cambrian Runnegar Pojeta, 1974
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Monoplacophora Cambrian - Recent
Neopilina
Laevipilina (Vema) cachuchensis
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Helcionelloida Cambrian
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Rostroconchia Cambrian - Permian
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Scaphopoda Ordovician - Recent
Dentalium rubescens
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Ordovician Scaphopod
Polylopia Billingi, Tennessee
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Bivalvia (Cambrian - Recent)
Chlamys hastata
Lima tuberculata
Solecurtus strigilatus
Tapes decussatus
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Bivalvia (Cambrian)
Pojetaia runnegari Early Cambrian, Australia
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Gastropoda (Cambrian - Recent)
Dendronotus diversicolor
Bursa renalloides
Diaulula sandiegensis
Simnialena uniplcata
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Cambrian Gastropoda Siberia
Oelandiella korobkovi
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Cephalopoda (Cambrian - Recent)
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Cephalopoda (Cambrian - Recent)
Bathypolypus arcticus
Nautilus pompilius
Sepioloidea lineolata
Sepioteuthis sepioidea
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Cephalopoda (Cambrian)
Yanheceras
Protactinoceras
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Nautiloid Cephalopoda (Ordovician)
Protactinoceras
Orthoceras
Discoceras
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Nautiloid Cephalopoda (Ordovician)
Yanheceras
Protactinoceras
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Ammonoid Cephalopoda (Devonian)
Beloceras sagittarium Australia
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http//www.nautiloid.net/nautilus.mpg
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