Computer development history

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Lecture 2

• Computer development history

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Topic

• History of computer development
• Computer generation
• Programming language

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History of Computer Development

• Charles Babbage
• Design first modern computer
• Invent
• difference engine
• Analytical Engine (main part of copmuter system)

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History of Computer Development

• Count Ada Lovelace
• First programmer
• Assist in developing instruction for Babbage
  device computation

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History of Computer Development

• Herman Hollerith
• Develop first computer using electrical power
• Founder of electronic punch card

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History of Computer Development

• John V. Atanasoff Clifford Berry
• Build first electronically operated digital
  computer
• ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer)

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History of Computer Development

• ENIAC (Electronik Numerical Integrator and
  Calculator)
• J.Mauchly J.Presper Eckert
• Main general purpose electronic computer
• Used in world war II
• Used to solve mathematical problem
• Use vacuum tube

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History of Computer Development
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History of Computer Development

• UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic Computer)
• First generation comercial computer
• For scientific and comercial applications
• Eckert Mauchly send first UNIVAC to U.S Census
  Bureau in 1951.

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History of Computer Development
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History of Computer Development

• UNIVAC characteristic
• Easier to use compared to ENIAC
• Less vacuum tube (more reliable)
• Stored program found by John Von Neumann
• General purpose
• Use machine language

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History of Computer Development

• Apple Computer
• Found by Steve Jobbs dan Steve Wozniak in 1977
• First computer with easy to use screen and
  keyboard

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History of Computer Development
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Computer Generation

• First Generation
• Second Generation
• Third Generation
• Fourth Generation
• Fifth Generation

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Computer Generation

• First Generation
• 1940s early 1950s
• Vacuum tube as switch
• Bulky, slow, easily heated
• Always fail
• ABC, MARK1, ENIAC, UNIVAC
• Stored program concept (Von Neumann)
• Assembly Language

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Computer Generation

• Second Generation
• 1950s mid 1960
• transistor as switch
• Smaller and faster (x1000)
• Less heat, more reliable, cheap
• The usage of high level language begins
• DEC-PDP-1

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Computer Generation

• Third Generation
• Late 1960s
• Silicon chip as switch
• Smaller and faster (x1000)
• More reliable

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Computer Generation

• Fourth Generation
• 1970s current
• Single processor microchip as switch
• Very low cost and afforded by individual

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Computer Generation

• Fifth Generation
• Japan founded artificial intelligence in the mid
  1990
• Expert system, natural language
• Communication and network

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HISTORY AND COMPUTER REVOLUTION
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Programming Language
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Programming Language

• Machine language
• Low level language
• Use number
• Data and program instruction is 0 and 1(0n/off)
• Program written in other language must be changed
  to machine language before execution

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Programming Language

• Assembly language
• Low level
• Use mnemonic code, abbreviation
• Program written in this language is translated by
  assembler into machine language program code
  before execution

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Programming Language

• High Level Language
• Exist 1960
• Similar to English
• Program written in this language is able to
  overcome more complex problem/task
• Translator is known as compiler which change
  program to machine language before execution
• Commercial application such as C/C

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Example of High Level Language for Displaying
Hello World

• Cobol DISPLAY Hello World
• Basic PRINT Hello World
• C printf (Hello World)
• Java System.out.println(Hello World)
• C coutltlt Hello World

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Programming Language

• Very High Level Language
• Known as 4GL
• Program is written shorthand form
• Able to handle hundreds instruction lines (3rd
  generation language can handle few lines only)
• Example Query Language

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Programming Language

• Natural Language
• Similar to spoken English Language
• Natural Language translate human instruction into
  codes that understandable by computer
• Also known as knowledge base language
• Interact with knowledge base