CHILLED WATER SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION

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CHILLED WATER SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION
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Introductions
Bernard A. Fernandez Sales Engineer Carrier
Corporation
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Agenda

• How Are Systems Evaluated Today ? (ARI
  550/590-98)
• How Will Chiller Systems Be Evaluated Tomorrow ?
  / Why ?

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How Are Water Chillers Evaluated Today?

• Full Load Efficiency
• and
• Part Load Efficiency (IPLV)

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ARI Released The New Standard in December 1998

• Available through
• the ARI web site
• WWW.ARI.ORG

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ARI PART LOADWEIGHTING FACTORS
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Condenser Water Turndown
90
85
80
75
ARI 550/590-98
70
65
60
25
50
75
100
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Per ARI 550/590-98 White Paper IPLV represents
an average single chiller application, it may
not be representative of a particular job
installation.
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Why is this statement in the paper ? ?
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Evaluating Systems
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Building Load Profiles
ARI Load Profile
Bldg Load
Temp Bin
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Evaluating Systems

• The IPLV Formula Does Not Describe Reality
• Building Load Profiles
• Multiple Chillers

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Mix Of Chillers Sold 1997 / 1998
3.3 4 Chillers
1 Chiller
14.3
3 Chillers
15.4
1 Chiller Into Existing Multi- Chiller
Installation
23.7
43.3
2 Chillers
85 Are Multiple Chiller Jobs
Source Review of Industry Shipments
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Three Chillers 33/33/33Operation
Chiller Load
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Three Chillers 33/33/33Operation
Chiller Load
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Three Chillers 33/33/33Operation
Chiller Load
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Evaluating Systems

• The IPLV Formula Does Not Describe Reality
• Building Load Profiles
• Multiple Chillers
• Local Weather Data

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Evaluating Systems

• The IPLV Formula Does Not Describe Reality
• Building Load Profiles
• Multiple Chillers
• Local Weather Data
• Mixing Chillers
• Economizer Operation
• Demand Charges
• Tower Efficiency..etc.

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There is a Better Solution
Chiller System Optimizer Will Evaluate YOUR System
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It is best to use a comprehensive analysis that
reflects the ...

• Actual weather data
• Building load characteristics
• Number of chillers
• Operational hours
• Economizer capabilities
• Energy drawn by auxiliaries such as pumps and
  cooling towers,
• especially for multiple chiller systems

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The CSO will help

• Estimate chiller plant energy cost
• Compare various system to determine which one is
  most cost effective
• Compare VFD vs Constant speed
• Compare cooling towers large vs small
• Calculate savings from economizer cooling cycles

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Inputs
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Chiller Plant Efficiency Comparison
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Energy Cost By Month
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Electrical Energy Use By Month
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System PLV Report
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System Load Profiles
Chillers operating at lower condenser water are
able to provide more capacity. This equates to
less cooling towers and pumps operating.
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ACCUMETER FLOW CONTROL
1281
.535
kW/Ton
Tons
1048
.434
85oF
80oF
75oF
60oF
70oF 65oF
Entering Condenser Water Temperature

• Result Increased Tons, DecreasedkW/Ton with
  Lower Entering Condenser Water Temperature

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FEATURES/BENEFITS - LINEAR FLOAT VALVE
ACCUMETER FLOW CONTROL
Full Load
Part Load
Low Load

• Eliminates inefficient vapor bypass
• Provides superior part-load performance compared
  to fixed-orifice designs
• Simple, economical design

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Condenser Temperature Profiles
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System Performance Profile
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Nice ProgramBut...How Will It Make My Life
Easier ?
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1500 Ton, Water Cooled Chiller Job
The Best Solution...
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Or... Is There A Better Solution?
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Centrifugal Large/Small Screw?
Qty FL NPLV Centrif 2 .60 .55 L
Screw 1 .61 .47 Centrif 2 .60 .55 S
Screw 1 .71 .53 Centrif 3 .60 .57
SPLV .51 .51 .50
Op Cost 158k 158k 155k
Although the all centrifugal system is most
efficient, it has a 9 year payback.
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Whats The Solution?
(3) 500 Ton Centrifugal
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CONSTANT SPEED OR VFDs

• DOES THE OPTIMAL SYSTEM CONSIST OF
• ALL CONSTANT SPEED MACHINES?
• VFD ON THE LEAD MACHINE?
• VFD ON ALL MACHINES?

IT DEPENDS
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VFD or Not
System Qty FL NPLV Cnst Spd 3 .59 .54 VFD 1 .62
.39 Cnst Spd 2 .59 .54 VFD 3 .62 .39
SPLV .496 .460 .430
Op Cost 201k 191k 183k
Less Then 2.5 year Payback On Both Proposals
Washington DC Retail Center 2100 Tons Required
Load No Economizer
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VFD or Not
System Qty FL NPLV Cnst Spd 3 .59 .54 VFD 1 .62
.39 Cnst Spd 2 .59 .54 VFD 3 .62 .39
SPLV .515 .507 .498
Op Cost 154k 152k 149k
Payback Is Now 9 years
Washington DC Retail Center 2100 Tons Required
Load Economizer Operation _at_ 55 deg
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HOW ELSE CAN YOU USE THE CSO PROGRAM???
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ECWT LimitWhat Does It Really Mean?
Entering Condenser Water Temperature (ECWT)
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ECWT LimitWhat Does It Really Mean?
Hrs lt 70
Degrees
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Hrs gt 70
Degrees
Chicago Retail Store
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ECWT LimitWhat Does It Really Mean?
55 deg F ECWT 65
0.58 kW/ton Full Load 0.58
0.56 kW/ton NPLV 0.49
0.45 kW/ton SPLV 0.48
10,000 Annual Operating Cost
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Condenser Water Hours Below 70 Deg (24 hr
Operation)
Miami 5
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WHATS A BETTER TOWER CHOICEBIG or SMALL
TOWER?
??
Larger towers mean colder condenser water temps
for the chiller
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Big or Small Tower?

• Baltimore, Md
• 1500 Ton Office Building
• (3) 500 Ton Chillers
• Economizer Operation

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Big Tower or Small Tower?
Approach NPLV SPLV Op Cost Tower 9
deg .562 .502 114k 46k 7 deg .562
.489 111k 49k 5 deg .562
.480 108k 55k
Both Paybacks Are Less Than 2 Years
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What Does This Do For Me?

• True System Modeling
• Minimize Assumptions

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What Does This Do For Me?

• True System Modeling
• Minimize Assumptions
• Enhance Your Productivity
• Easy To Compare Different Chiller Systems
• Put a Value On Different Scenarios
• Good Tool To Use With Your Customers
• Shows You Provided The Best System

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See Your Carrier Representative About A
Demonstration
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The question may arise as to how to specify this
idea. The following slides explain the concept.
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Reports Custom PLV

• Problem SPLV is a Good Idea, But How Do You Get
  It Specified?
• Most Engineers Are Comfortable With ARI Type NPLV
  Formula

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Reports Custom PLV

• Problem SPLV is a Good Idea, But How Do You Get
  It Specified?
• Most Engineers Are Comfortable With ARI Type NPLV
  Formula

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Reports Custom PLV
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To help explain with a real example, you can run
the Custom PLV report and insert here.
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Bernard A. Fernandez

• Carrier Corporation
• 780 Dedham St.
• Canton, Ma 02026
• Phone [phone]
• Fax [phone]