GREEN FUEL

1

• GREEN FUEL
• ON
• INDIAN RAILWAYS

2
Diesel operations on Indian Railways

• Indian Railways operate around 4000 Diesel
  Locomotives.
• Approx two billion litres of diesel fuel is
  consumed annually.
• The annual expenditure on diesel fuel is approx
  Rs. 5000 crores (_at_Rs.25.00)

3
Why Bio-diesel for Indian Railways Locomotives?
Thus if B20 blend is used by IR, then 400 million
liters of petro diesel shall be saved.
4
Bio Diesel - Areas of Activity

• Plantation

• Processing

• R D

• Application

5
1. PLANTATION
6
Policy

• Honble MR had announced in Budget speech
  2003-04 that Indian Railways will take up
  Jatropha Plantation on a massive scale.

7
Indian Railways signs MOU with M/s IOC

• MOU signed with IOC in the year 2003 for the
  plantation of Jatropha Carcus, extraction of oil
  and its processing.
• IR shall lease 500 hectare of Railway land to M/s
  IOC for a period of 15 years.
• IOC will offer the processed and blended mix,
  ready for use to Indian Railways at a price to be
  determined by both the parties.

8
Implementation of MoU

• 81 ha land identified in Surendra Nagar, district
  in Gujrat Area - Than-Chotila
• Tender awarded by IOC to M/s Global Agri Systems,
  Delhi and work started in March 2004.
• 1,75000 saplings of Jatropha planted.
• M/s Venus Ethoxy Ether, Goa, authorised to
  produce Bio-Diesel from the above plantation

9
Plantation at Surendra Nagar, Gujrat
10
Plantation at Surendra Nagar, Gujrat
11
Follow-up Action By Indian Railways

• Zonal Railways were directed to draw action plan
  for
• Planting Jatropha along the track
  departmentally/contractually
• Taking up at least one site on commercial
  plantation basis.
• Jatropha plantation was declared a Mission Item
  in 2003-04.

12
Jatropha Plantation on Railway Land
13
Models for Growth of Jatropha

• Grown departmentally/contractually and then
  auction the plantation for seeds collection
  including maintenance in a block of 3/5 years.
• OR
• Enter into a joint venture with the party for
  15 yrs who offer highest minimum guarantee money
  with the revenue sharing of 5050 on produce. No
  expenditure by Railways.

14
Models for Growth of Jatropha

• The ownership of the land with the Railways
• Award of contract on the basis of the
  highest bidder for a Minimum Guaranteed Amount
  payable to Rly in installments.
• Gross revenue from the sale of plantation to
  be shared in 5050
• Proceeds from sale of vegetables, flowers,
  crops as inter-cropping will go to Partys
  account

15
2. PROCESSING
16
Transesterification Plant at Perambur S. Rly.

• S. Railway has set up a 350 Lts / day Pilot Plant
  at Perumbur in 2003.
• Capacity augmented to 1000 Lts / Day in 2005.
• In-house seed crushing unit of capacity 125 Kg /
  Hr.

17
LABORATORY TRIALS AT LOCO WORKS, PERAMBUR

• The manufacture of Bio-diesel has been tried with
  the following oils.

1.     Pongamia penata 2.     Jatropha 3.    
Neem Oil 4.     Soya bean oil 5.     Used cooking
oil
18
Bio-Diesel Pilot Plant
19
Bio-Diesel Pilot Plant
20
Bio-Diesel Pilot Plant
21
Proposed Transesterification Plants
Proposed Plants in each zonal Railway

• Short term - Experimental trans-esterification
  plant of 2000 L / day capacity.
• Medium term - 20KL / day capacity plant.

22
3. R D
23

• STUDIES ON BIODIESEL
• FOR
• ALCO 251 LOCOMOTIVE
• ENGINES
• By R.D.S.O.

24
Test facility in RDSO
3100 hp engine at RDSO

• State of the art AVL Test Commander
• High Speed Data Acquisition System to capture on
  line data.

25
Preliminary Testing

• Initial testing done on engine test bed at RDSO
  in Nov 2002.
• Bio-Diesel provided by IOC.
• Blends of 5, 10 20 tested.

26
TESTING IN RDSO Nov. 2002

• Conclusions
• Full power output obtained with bio-diesel.
• SFC increases with increasing proportion of
  Bio-diesel.

27
Detailed Testing - April - May 2004

• Bio diesel blends B10, B20, B50 B100 tested at
  RDSO on 3100 hp Diesel Engine Test Bed
• Limited emissions measurements also done.
• Optimization of engine attempted with 10
  bio-diesel blend.
• Various parameters of the engine monitored
  viz.SFC, exhaust gas temp. firing pressure

28
Major Engine Performance Parameters
29
Observations

• With the increasing proportion of bio-diesel
• Full horsepower is maintained.
• Upward trend in SFC - 12.5 increase with B100
• Downward trend in exhaust gas temperature.
• No significant change in firing pressure.

30
Emission Results
31
Effect of Biodiesel on Emissions

• Nox goes down by 11 for B10, but increases by 5
  for B100.
• Hydrocarbons reduce by 54 for B100.
• CO2 reduces by 5 for B20

32
Optimization of the Engine
33
Findings

• No change in power for various blends.
• B10 blend quite comparable in SFC to petro diesel
  with optimized injection timing, but with higher
  peak firing pressures.
• B10 biodiesel blends showed lower NOx reading.
• Decreasing trend of hydrocarbon emissions. 54
  reduction with B100 as compared to petro diesel.
• Decreasing trend in exhaust gas temperature.
• For the present, B-10 would be the ideal blending
  ratio.

34
4. APPLICATIONS
35
First Train on Bio Diesel Blend

• Delhi - Amritsar Shatabdi run on 31st December
  2002 with 5 blend of Bio-Diesel.
• Parameters monitored-
• Power
• Filters
• Fuel Injection Equipment

• Results
• No loss of hp, acceleration or any other problem
• No unusual deposits observed on fuel filters.

36
Follow-Up Field Trials

• Field Trial done on Lucknow-Allahabad Jan
  Shatabdi (2054/2053).
• 5 round trips of the train made using B10 blend.

• Field trial successful in terms of haulage and
  other performance characteristics.

37
Long duration field trial of Bio-Diesel

• Extensive field Trial on 5 locomotives
• Trial Scheme and shed finalized (Alambagh
  /N.Rly).
• Storage and handling infrastructure ready.
• Order being placed for supply of 3000 Kl of B- 10
  blend.

38
Trials at Southern Railway

• 100 Bio-Diesel on Tata Sumo.
• 20 Bio-Diesel on Voyager.
• 5 Bio-Diesel on MG loco(YDM4-6225).
• 5 Bio-diesel two DEMU Units.
• 5 Bio-Diesel on WDM7 loco of TNP shed.

39
Tata Sumo running on 100 Bio Diesel from May 2004
40
MAHINDRA VOYAGER RUNNING ON 20 BIO DIESEL FROM
MAY 2004
41
Meter gauge Locomotive running on 5 blend Bio
Diesel from July 2004
42
DEMU RUNNING ON 5 BLEND BIO DIESEL FROM MARCH
2005
43
DEMU RUNNING ON 5 BLEND BIO DIESEL FROM MARCH
2005
44
Technical Tasks Ahead

• Detailed study including sensitivity analysis.
• Optimization of combustion process and
  minimization of NOx emissions.
• Sustained field trials to ascertain the long term
  impact of the fuel on
• Fuel injection system and Filters, rubber
  components
• Deposits on pistons, valves, cylinder head

45
Vision For Indian Railway

• Large scale plantation of Jatropha Curcas on
  surplus Railway land ( 4,30,000 Ha)
• Setting up of Esterification plants
• Extensive field trials on HHP Locomotives
• Gradual switch over to use of B20 Bio-Diesel
  through
• a) In-house resources
• b) Procurement from market

46
The final word
Indian Railways is committed to promoting the
usage of bio-diesel by cultivation of jatropha
plants and its application on Railways
locomotives.
47
THANK YOU
48
Plantation of Jatropha Curcas Kharagpur
Division-(S.E. Railway)

• 4.21 lakh saplings planted on Kharagpur division
  during 2004-05. Biggest plantation of its type on
  Railway land.
• 7 lakh saplings planted during current year.
• 3 lakhs more saplings planned for the current
  year.
• Another one million planned in the next two
  years.
• Liaison with Forest department neighboring
  State Govts.undertaking massive plantation
  maintained.
• Chattisgarh has, eg. planned plantation of 80
  million Jatropha Curcas saplings next year.

49
Jatropha Plantation at KGP
50
Plantation of Jatropha Curcas Kharagpur
Division-(S.E. Railway)

• 4.21 lakh saplings planted on Kharagpur division
  during 2004-05. Biggest plantation of its type on
  Railway land.
• 7 lakh saplings planted during current year.
• 3 lakhs more saplings planned for the current
  year.
• Another one million planned in the next two
  years.
• Liaison with Forest department neighboring
  State Govts.undertaking massive plantation
  maintained.
• Chattisgarh has, eg. planned plantation of 80
  million Jatropha Curcas saplings next year.

51
Jatropha Plantation at KGP
52
Transesterification Plant at Kharagpur
Proposed Plant at Kharagpur

• Short term - Experimental trans-esterification
  plant of 2000 L / day capacity.
• Medium term - 20KL / day capacity plant.