Domestication and Importance of Livestock

1
Domestication and Importance of Livestock

• Unit 1

2
Domestication of Animals

• Domestication means to adapt the behavior of an
  animal to fit the needs of people.
• Before the human race learned to tame and raise
  animals, it was dependent on hunting and wild
  plants for food and clothing.

3
Cattle

• Domestic cattle came from either the Aurochs or
  the Celtic Shorthorn
• Cattle were used for draft, meat, and milk.
• Cattle are not native to America
• Major growth of large cattle herds took place in
  the Great Plains states because of the plentiful
  grazing land.
• The North Central States are the main region for
  finishing cattle because of the the good supplies
  of grain.

4
Swine

• American breeds of swine come from two wild
  stocks The European wild boar and the East
  Indian pig.
• English settler brought swine to America.
• Main expansion of the swine industry occurred in
  the Corn Belt states, were feed for finishing hog
  is plentiful.

5
Sheep and Goats

• Sheep were the first animals tamed by human race.
• More than 200 breeds of sheep in the world
• The are timid, defenseless, and least intelligent
  of all tamed animals
• Goats were the first tamed animal in Western Asia
• Goat came to the US from Switzerland.

6
Sheep and Goats

• Sheep have stockier bodies than goats.
• Goats have shorter tails that sheep.
• Goat horns are long and grow upward, backward,
  and outward.
• Male goats a have beards male sheep do not.
• Male goats give off a strong odor in rutting
  season.
• Goats do not have scent glands in the face and
  feet sheep do.
• Goats are more intelligent that sheep and have a
  greater ability to fend for themselves.
• Goats can easily returned to the wild state.

7
Function of Animals

• Converting Feed into Food
• Clothing
• Power
• Recreation
• Conservation
• Stabilize Farm Economy
• Concentrate Bulky Feeds
• By-products

8
Consumption of Livestock Product

• Decrease in per capita consumption of red meats,
  dairy products, and eggs due to cholesterol
  content.
• Increase in chicken and turkey
• Increase demand in meals away from home and
  prepared meals

9
Nutritional Concerns

• Cholesterol level
• Fat content
• Salt content
• Food additives
• Sugar content
• Artificial coloring

10
Size and Scope

• Total value of agricultural product from farm is
  more that 173 billion dollars.
• Livestock and livestock products sold is over 90
  billion dollars
• Which is 52 of the total value
• 151 billion dollars was spent for production
  costs
• 13.7 spent on feed
• 9.6 spent on livestock purchases

11
Animal Health Products

• Three Main Categories
• Pharmaceuticals 252.4 million
• Include medicines used in disease control and
  prevention
• Feed additives 78.3 million
• Used to control or prevent disease, enhance
  growth, or improve feed efficiency
• Biologicals 60.4 million
• Vaccines, bacterins, and antitoxins

12
Animal Rights

• Four main view points
• Animist believed that humans and animals share
  and exchange souls
• Mechanists believe neither humans nor animals
  have souls
• Vitalists believe animals have souls but not as
  advanced as humans
• Ancient Greeks believed that animals existed on
  earth for the benefit and use of humans.

13
Food Safety

• Bacteria contamination
• Pesticides in food
• Drug residues in food
• Irradiation of food
• Genetic engineering
• Contamination of food by processors