TRYPANR as Treatment for Caprine Surra

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TRYPANR as Treatment for Caprine Surra
Dargantes, AP, Puentespina, RP Jr Sumagang, RJ
College of Veterinary Medicine, Central Mindanao
University, Musuan, Bukidnon Davao City
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Overview

• SURRA a disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi
• Trypanosoma evansi protozoan parasite of the
  blood and interstitial tissues

• UNIQUE PARASITE-Widespread geographical
  distribution wide range of hosts
• Big problem in Mindanao

T. evansi in mouse blood (x 1000)
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• Surra affects cattle, carabaos, horses, goats,
  pigs, dogs and wild animals

A carabao with surra in Surigao del Sur.
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Surra Control???

• Dependent on CHEMOTHERAPY
• Several drugs are used in the field
• Concerns Efficacy, Safety and Cost

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TrypanR
Components Diminazene diaceturate Procaine Phe
nazone
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General Objective

• Evaluate the efficacy of TrypanR against a
  Mindanao T. evansi isolate in goats.

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Specific Objectives

• Determine the time of disappearance of T. evansi
  from the blood circulation of bucks after TrypanR
  treatment.
• Compute for mortality among control bucks and
  T. evansi-infected bucks treated with TrypanR.

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Specific Objectives

• Compare the hematology (RBC, WBC, PCV and
  hemoglobin levels), rectal temperature levels and
  bodyweights among uninfected and T.
  evansi-infected bucks treated with TrypanR at two
  different doses.
• Describe any side effects of the drug among
  treated bucks.

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METHODOLOGY
Four Groups of 4 A Infected, treated w/
TrypanR _at_ 3.5 mg kg-1 BW B Infected, treated w/
TrypanR _at_ 7.0 mg kg-1 BW C Infected, untreated
control D Uninfected, untreated control
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Determination of Parasitemia

• Venipuncture (jugular vein) between 8-9 am
• Microhematocrit Centrifugation Technique (MHCT)
• Mouse Inoculation Test (MIT)

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Mouse Inoculation Test
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STATISTICAL ANALYSES

• Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in CRD
• Rectal temperature, hematology, bodyweights
• Tukeys HSD comparison of means
• SPSS 11 Microsoft Excel

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RESULTS DISCUSSION
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Disappearance of T. evansi from the blood

• Trypanosomes were no longer detected (using MHCT
  and MIT) in the blood of all bucks within 1-3
  hours after TrypanR treatment at 3.5 and 7.0 mg
  kg-1 BW doses.

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Mortality ()

• All untreated, T. evansi-infected bucks died 26,
  39 and 50 (2 bucks) days after infection (100
  mortality).
• No mortality (0) was observed among
  T.evansi-infected bucks treated with TrypanR and
  among uninfected-untreated bucks.

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Clinical Signs

• Untreated, T. evansi-infected bucks showed signs
  of progressive emaciation, relapsing fever,
  coughing, ocular discharges, testicular
  enlargement, anorexia, weakness, diarrhea and
  death.
• These signs were not manifested among goats
  treated with TrypanR, nevertheless, fever was
  observed prior to relapses.

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Severe testicular enlargement in a goat with surra
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Hematology

• Anemia was evident in bucks with surra (decreased
  RBC, PCV and Hgb levels) Blood values were
  improved after TrypanR treatment.
• Leukocytosis was observed among untreated, T.
  evansi-infected and TrypanR-treated bucks.

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Red blood cell counts of control and
Trypan-treated bucks at pre-infection (Pi),
pre-treatment (Ptr) and after treatment (Normal
RBC value for goats 8-17 x 106/µl Coles,
1986).   .
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White blood cell counts of control and
Trypan-treated bucks at pre-infection (Pi),
pre-treatment (Ptr) and after treatment (Normal
WBC value for goats 4-13 x 103/µL Coles,
1986).
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Rectal Temperature

• A relapsing fever was manifested among bucks with
  surra, highly associated with an intermittent
  parasitemia.
• Trypan-treated bucks had normal rectal
  temperature within 3 hours after treatment.
• Rectal temperature among TrypanR-treated and
  uninfected, untreated bucks did not vary
  significantly.

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Bodyweights

• Untreated, T. evansi-infected bucks lost an
  average bodyweight of 48.8 g daily while T.
  evansi-infected bucks treated with TrypanR at 3.5
  7.0 mg kg BW only lost mean daily bodyweights
  of 7.14 4.76 g, respectively.
• Uninfected, untreated controls gained a daily
  mean bodyweight of 2.38 g.
• However, mean bodyweights did not vary among
  treatments.

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Relapses

• Parasitemia was re-detected in the blood
  circulation of 87.5 (7/8) of bucks within 19-34
  and 28-34 days after treatment with TrypanR at
  3.5 and 7 mg kg-1 BW dose rates, respectively.
• One buck treated with 7 mg kg-1 BW dose did not
  have relapse infection.
• Trypanosomes were not detected within 1 month
  after re-treatment with 10.5 mg kg-1 BW dose of
  TrypanR.

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Possible Reasons of Relapsed Parasitemia

• Less concentration of the drug at privileged
  sites (ie, brain, eye, extravascular fluids). At
  triple dose, relapse was no longer observed
  among bucks.
• Drug resistance. Prolonged use of a drug leads to
  resistance. Nevertheless, this trial was not
  designed to determine resistance.

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Mild Side Effects

• Transient signs of pain, wild kicking,
  restlessness, noisiness, and slight lameness for
  about 1-2 minutes and anorexia for an hour after
  treatment with TrypanR.
• There was no swelling at injection sites.

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Conclusion

• TrypanR is safe and effective in treating
  clinical surra in goats in Mindanao but the
  recommended dose of 3.5 mg kg-1 bodyweight should
  be tripled for complete elimination of the
  parasite.

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Recommendations

• The use of this drug among other animals in
  Mindanao particularly in carabaos and cattle
  should be evaluated .
• Drug resistance against diminazene diaceturate,
  if it occurs or not in the field, should be
  determined.

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Acknowledgment

• Dr. J Domiquil Mr. F Oraliza of the PVO of
  Surigao del Norte
• Mr. John Gamboa, Ms. D Miguel and Dr. E Igsoc of
  Region XIII
• Dr. Rafael Mercado MUSCA Staff
• Drs. C Sanchez, E Gonzaga N Salcedo
• Dr. JAC Abella CMU Administration
• Dr. Arvin Besagas
• Dr. Simon A Reid of Australia

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Daghang Salamat sa Pagpaminaw!