Camel sudden death emergency investigation

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Camel sudden death emergency investigation

• In Puntland State of Somalia

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Funded and implementing agencies

• UNOCHA Funded ( United Nations- office for the
  coordination of Humanitarian affairs
• VSF Germany implemented

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Project life time

• It was 6 months from April Sept 2007
• but it was extended up to December 2007

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Puntland Historical Background

• On 1st August 1998, a new administrative entity
  called Puntland state of Somalia was formed in
  North Eastern Somalia
• Three Branches of Government
• - Legislative
• - Judiciary
• - Executive

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Legislative authority House of representatives

• - 66 members
• - Speaker and
• Two deputy speakers
• Committees that oversee, scrutinize, and hold to
  account the departments of the ministries
• Executive authority
• The president, head of state and the
  commander-in-chief of the military forces. The
  president is elected by the house of
  representatives every 4 years.
• The presidency , together with the
• - council of ministries forms the executive arm
  of the puntland government
• - 14 Ministries, each headed by a cabinet
  minister and one or two deputy ministers (
  January 2007)

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Puntland State of Somalia

• Northern coast of the former Somali Democratic
  Republic,
• Latitudes 6N and 12N Longitudes 15 E and 45
  E.
• Area of 212,510 Km2 Altitude Varies from a few
  meters above see level to 1100 meters.
• Borders
• Ethiopia to the southwest
• Somaliland to the west
• Central Somalia to the South
• Indian Ocean to the east
• Coastline of 1,640 km extending from Las Koray in
  the Gulf of Aden to Garad turning Southeast in
  the Indian Ocean
• Seven regions namely Bari, Nugal, Mudug, Sanaag,
  Sool, Ayn, and Karkaar

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Map of Puntland State of Somalia
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Climate of Puntland

• Climate of Puntland Semi-arid, Average daily
  27C-37C, Average annual rainfall 100 to 500mm.
  
• The four seasons are as follows
• Jiilaal from January to March, the dry season of
  the year
• Gu from April to June, is the main rainy season
• Xagaa from July to September, is the second dry
  season
• Deyr lasting from October to December is the
  shortest and less reliable rainy season.

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Continued

• The types of rangelands include
• the Hawd plateau - extends from Zone Five of
  Ethiopia up to the upper meadows of Nugaal
  valley,
• the Sool plateau which runs on the strip between
  Nugaal valley and the Golis range of mountains,
• the Nugaal valley in the North east of the Sool
  Plateau,
• the Dharoor valley to the north east of the
  Golis range mountains adjoining Karkaar to the
  east,
• the Ayah plains adjacent to the south east of
  Karkaar and Guban, the coastal strip of the Red
  sea.

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Livestock population

• Population of livestock Estimated at 17,464,180
  animals (10.69 camels, 2.29 cattle, 35.4
  sheep, 51.6 goats)(data is derived from an
  estimated growth rate of 0.07 in camels, 0.01
  in cattle, 0.012 in goats and 0.021 in sheep,
  for the period 1988-1998).

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The Livestock Population in Puntland

• Species Population Percentage
• Camel 1 868 352 10.69
• Cattle 400 000 2.29
• Sheep 6 183 648 35.4
• Goat 9 012 180 51.6
• Total 17 464 180 100

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Project objectives

• The project objective is to provide an
  information base for prophylaxis and control of
  sudden death n camels in order to limit the
  impact of this disease problem on pastoralist
  milk production and food security in Puntland

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Camel sudden death project

• Recruit of the project staff
• Started the project activities in Puntland State
  of Somalia

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Activities carried out

• Provision of training to the private veterinary
  group on how to collect the samples and how to
  preserve the samples etc
• And distribute sample collection material in case
  of they found the fresh camel death cases

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Community Awareness

• Through meetings with different project
  stakeholders including
• Camel Herders
• Community Elders
• Nomadic Animal health workers
• Local Authorities etc

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Data Collection activities

• Filling of CSD Record forms
• The information includes
• Date
  Age
• The Reporter Sex
• Owner
  circumstance
• Location Environmental
  Conditions
• Main Symptoms Coordinates GPS
• Herd Size
• No Dead

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Data Entry

• We have make Data Entry ( Recording)
• Procured sample collection materials
• And cold chains
• Received the permission letters for biological
  materials from Kenya Ministry of Agriculture and
  also from the Ministry of MOLAE Puntland state of
  Somalia

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Sample collections

• Whole Blood samples
• Tissues Samples
• Serum sample collection
• Vectors ( Ticks)
• Labelled and dispatched and send into the
  laboratory diagnosis and waiting the lab results.

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Treatment

• Treatment of camels from another camel diseases
  like
• Endoparasites/Ectoparasites
• Camel pneumonia
• Camel mange
• Camel Trypanosomosis
• Wounds
• Mastitis

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Disease Reporting System

• Started from Camel owners
• NAHAs
• Private Veterinarians
• Local Authorities
• MOLAE

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Linkages with Key informants

• Created the good relationship with the project
  key informants and puntland Pastoralists,
  Puntland veterinary Administration and Puntland
  livestock Professional association
• ( PULPA), NAHAs, Local and international NGOs

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Constraints, Problems, and difficulties

• Security
• Time
• Delay of money
• Delay of cold chain
• Very rough roads or an inaccessible or impassable
  Roads
• Difficult to find the fresh dead cases

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Continue

• Camel Movement
• Rapid Death without showing the previous symptoms
• Sometimes the herders refuse the blood sample
  collection
• The pastoralists and local authority can not
  understood the process of laboratory diagnosis
  and asking the results always