Artificial Satellites

1
Artificial Satellites Orbit Dynamics
2
Orbit Lesson Plan

• Show NASA Film on Satellite Orbits
• Orbit Mechanics Terminology
• Types of Satellites and their uses
• How Satellites Stay in Orbit
• Types of Orbits
• Orbit formulae and computations
• Keplers Newtons

3
Typical Satellite Design

• List major systems and subsystems

4
Satellites Fly by Falling
5 mi.
16 ft.
100 mi.
5 mi.
16 ft.
5
Keplers Three LawsEmpirical Laws of Planetary
Motion

• All planets move in elliptical orbits having the
  sun as one focus (law of orbits)
• A line joining any planet to the sun sweeps out
  equal areas in equal times (law of areas)
• The square of the period of any planet about the
  sun is proportional to the cube of the planets
  mean distance from the sun (law of periods)

6
Orbit Mathematics
Compute escape velocity p 409 Compute period and
speed given altitude and weight How much thrust
required to make escape velocity
7
Orbit Terms

• Apogee highest point in orbit
• Perigee lowest point in orbit
• Period time to complete one orbit
• Inclination angle of the orbit plane relative to
  the equator
• Eccentricity out-of-roundness of an orbit

8
Launch-to-Orbit Sequence
Source Satellite Design and Space Applications,
David J. Kim, Aerospace Corporation, 18 November
1992
9
Comm Satellite Orbits

• Low Altitude Circular
• Synchronous Equatorial
• Molniya

Source Satellite Design and Space Applications,
David J. Kim, Aerospace Corporation, 18 November
1992
10
Geosynchronous Orbit
Source Satellite Design and Space Applications,
David J. Kim, Aerospace Corporation, 18 November
1992
11
Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
Source Satellite Design and Space Applications,
David J. Kim, Aerospace Corporation, 18 November
1992
12
High Eliptical Orbit (HEO or Molniya)
Source Satellite Design and Space Applications,
David J. Kim, Aerospace Corporation, 18 November
1992
13
Comparison of Orbit Sizes
Source Satellite Design and Space Applications,
David J. Kim, Aerospace Corporation, 18 November
1992
14
Transfer Orbits LEO-to-GEO
Source Satellite Design and Space Applications,
David J. Kim, Aerospace Corporation, 18 November
1992
15
Specialized Orbits
Source Satellite Design and Space Applications,
David J. Kim, Aerospace Corporation, 18 November
1992