eGovernance Principles

1
eGovernance Principles PracticeC.S.R.
PRABHUDeputy Director General National
Informatics Centre Andhra Pradesh State
UnitHyderabad
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What is egovernance ?
Effective application of INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY And COMMUNICATION in Governance
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e-Governance Overview Framework
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Lecture Plan

• Understanding concept of eGovernance
• Definition of Citizen Centric eGovernance
• eGovernance models
• eGovernance Vs. IT- Led government
• Issues Challenges
• eGovernance Framework

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Understanding value of Technology

• A disciple came to Sri Ramakrishna and told
  him that after 20 years of tapas, he had mastered
  the art of walking on water.
• ''You've wasted your life'', exclaimed the
  saint. ''I can do the same thing by giving a
  paisa to the boatman!''
• Ramakrishna had immense yogic powers. Yet, he
  understood the value of their usage to ensure
  that life does not become un necessarily complex.
  
• What lesson do we get ?

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What lesson do we get??

• Just possessing Information Communication
  Technology (ICT)Tools is not enough.
• It may make your life more complex
• unless you are clear about
• Why, when, where how to use these powers to
  get what we want in the
• simplified way.

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PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF GOVERNANCE

• Bureaucratic control
• Isolated administrative functions
• Lot of Paperwork and Time-consuming processes
• Disjointed information technologies
• Solutions not integrated across all agencies
• Wrong and motivated decisions and solutions

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Worlds Transformation
First Wave - Agriculture Revolution Second
Wave - Industrial Revolution Third
Wave - Information Revolution, which
triggered
the concept of
eGovernance
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SMART Governance Characteristics

• A Governance body having characteristics like
  
• Simple
• Moral
• Accountable
• Responsive
• Transparent
• SMART Governance with focus around citizens,
  and prefixed with e (usage of ICT tools to
  achieve desired objectives ) is e-Governance.

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Various Stake Holders in e-Governance

• It is application of Information
  Communication Technology(ICT) for interaction
  between
• G2C, C2G-Government citizens 2. G2B, B2G -
  Government Business
• 3. G2G - Inter / Intra Government 4. G2E
  Management employees

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e-Governance Mission

• Partnership between various stake holders
  with objectives as follows
• e - Citizen To receive govt.
  services, access them on line
  24x7x365 days , and participate in
• governance
  process
• e - Business To access Govt services,
  for faster economic
  development, and participation in value
• addition to
  govt. services
• e Employees For better communication
  / understanding,
• Increased
  productivity, participation in
• strategic
  planning
• e Government To Increase productivity
  / efficiency, build
• good
  relationships with others for good
• governance.

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Citizen Centric e-Governance

• When the focus of Government services is to
  facilitate citizens to have access to information
  
• - In the format convenient to them
• - at the place of their choice
• - Transparency about the decision making
  processes
• - Simplification of procedures of
  information access
• - To minimize the total processing time for
  requested
• actions An example
• Technology should facilitate citizen to
  make payments of utility bills (electricity bill,
  telephone bill or water bill) at one place
  or automate the payment through bank. It should
  further facilitate the citizens to interact with
  the concerned agencies for queries /
  clarifications / adjustments etc. ( Aim
  should be to provide Single window service 24 X
  7 X 365 )

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Transformation from e-Government to
e-Governance
Data bank Transactions by Govt. end users
also
Req, views, comments
Request
Information
Information
Government
End User- Citizens- Employee-
Business- Other Govt. Department
Government
End User- Citizen- Employee-
Business
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e-Governance is a Process

• An Illustration
• Development of Computerised Databases and
  Dissemination of Information through normal
  channels or Web technology is e-Government
• Enforcement of laws for timely delivery of
  services to citizens, Business and other
  Govt.offices through Internet or Intranet is
  e-Governance

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E-Governance Applications

• Few examples, where citizen interfaces with
  Government
• Delivery of Products ( eg. MTNL Directory
  distribution)
• Delivery of Services ( eg. Hospital, Police,
  Post )
• Delivery of Information ( eg. Govt. schemes,
  funds utilization )
• Online Transactions ( Applying for Driving
  Licenses)

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E-Governance Models

• There are 6 generic models
• Broadcasting / Wider Dissemination Model
• Critical Flow Model
• Comparitive Analysis Model
• Mobilisation Lobbying Model
• Interactive-Service Model
• e-Governance Maturity Model

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Practical benefits of e-Governance

• Simpler documentation
• Faster responses
• Simpler procurement
• Greater reach of services
• Accelerating education
• Public participation
• Simplified transactions
• Simplified interactions etc.

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Why is e-Governance assumed to be difficult?

• Bureaucrats are generalists, not specialists in
  IT
• ICT Companies have clear interest in spreading
  disinformation to make Govt. buy more ICT
  equipment than what they can use
• Projects are some times done for show case value
  only and less than 20 of the projects survive
• Interoperability (basic requirement of
  simplification and integration) not so easy
• Change management Sustainability issues

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Potential e-Governance Application areas

• Citizen Services
• Employment
• Bridging the Digital Divide
• Revenue
• Postal
• Health
• Education
• Justice
• Trade
• Public Grievances
• Human Rights etc

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Evolutionary Stages in eGovernance

• Use of email, internal networking
• Intranet setup for internal activities
• Allow public access
• Allow 2way communication
• Allow online transactions by Citizens
• Enrich digital democracy
• Integrate with Legislature Judiciary

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e-Governance Challenges

• Remember !
• The key challenges with
• e-Governance are not the
• TECHNOLOGY issues
• but, they are the
• ORGANIZATIONAL issues
• Let us look into these challenges

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e-Governance Challenges

• Realistic Needs Analysis
• (Beware of information overflow in
  enthusiasm of using IT Tools ..)
• Redefining rules and procedures for data
  collection, processing, storage, dissemination,
  and decision making
• (With the computers on desk tops, should we
  not look towards de-regulation of decision making
  process ?)

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e-Governance Challenges

• Information transparency / security
• ( Is it practical to have 100
  transparency ? )
• Interdepartmental collaboration for information
  sharing ( Horizontal Vertical)
• (How to change mind sets to employees to
  come out of possessive nature ? )
• Security Legal Issues
• ( Who should be responsible for correctness
  of the information having multiple updation
  /access rights?)

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e-Governance Challenges

• Infrastructure
• (Just acquiring computers is not enough.
  People should be aware of their potential and
  should acquire skill of using them optimally )
• Tendency to resist the change in work
  culture(Using a computer instead of type writer
  and using email, instead of telephone can
  not be treated as change in work culture. Some
  thing more is required, What is that challenge?)

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Challenges specific to Indian Setup

• Problem of priority ( Poverty is main issue)
• Adversity of diversity( Different languages and
  casts)
• Perversity of political class (Political
  dominance )
• Ownership by the top political leadership
  essential
• Ownership commitment by beaurocracy
• Over powering (IT expert sector)
• Low quality of output ( Garbage in I\s garbage
  out)

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A Caution

• Technology helps to reach the un-reached, but it
  can make the things worse through digital divide.
• There is the fear of emergence of an elite group
  who only may be the ultimate beneficiaries of
  successful technology application

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Where do we stand ?

• In Countries such as USA, Singapore, Norway,
  Sweden online Govt. services are high
• In Britain, New Zealand, South Korea even the
  general usage of internet is less when compared.
• Internet usage in India too growing and many
  state governments are going online.

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What statistics say ?

• The Leaders
• USA 3.11
• Australia 2.60
• Singapore 2.58
• Canada 2.52
• U.K. 2.52
• Germany 2.46
• Japan 2.12

• The Followers
• Malaysia 1.63
• South Africa 1.56
• Philippines 1.44
• India 1.29
• China 1.04
• Sri Lanka 0.92
• Bangladesh 0.90

e-Government Index on a scale of 0-4
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What is wrong ?
We have been doing computerization
NOT e-Governance!
We need to adopt a holistic approach!
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What is e-government ?
It is the transformation of government to
provide Efficient Convenient Transparent Service
s to the Citizens Businesses through
Information Communication Technologies
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What is NOT e-Government ?
e-Government is not about e
but about government !
e-Government is not about computers
but about citizens !
e-Government is not about translating processes
but about transforming processes !
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e-Governance Framework
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E-Governance Framework An Overview
Access
MANAGEMENT
S E C U R T Y
Presentation
Business Process
Meta Data
Data Element
Governance
Network
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Minimum Agenda for e-Governance

• Intranet Infrastructure up-to S.O. level ( LAN,
  PC, Software Tools, Portal / Vortal )
• IT Empowerment of Officers/Officials
• IT enabled Services - intra and inter Departments
  (G2G, G2B)
• IT enabled delivery of services for masses
  (farmers, in particular) - Public Information
  Facilitation (G2C)
• IT Vision for the Sectoral Development

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e-Governance Systems Development Steps

• Have a clear vision and prepare action plan.
• Choose projects that fit in action plan, if you
  cant, make them fit in.
• Large e-Governance systems have to be divided
  into manageable logical modules, each with a goal
  that supports overall objective of e-Governance.
  ICT provides solution for plugging such
  components to a great extent, even if the modules
  are developed on different platforms.
• There is need to contain cost by developing
  portable / replicable modules, which can be
  reused across different government.

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e-Governance Systems Development Steps

• 5. The e-Governance architecture should be
  able to support phased implementation. This is
  possible by providing interlinked common backbone
  architecture, and customized architecture at
  front end for deployment of different
  e-Governance applications.
• 6. There is need to follow technology
  standards for Databases, operating
  systems,Schema, nomenclatures, architecture,
  communication security etc.

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Remember ! Pre-requisite for e-Governance Still
remains as Governance Information Technology
ensures that it has an e before it.
Also remember ! Re-engineering of processes is a
must to build effective e-Governance systems (
Efficiency automatically follows Effectiveness )
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Critical Success Factors

• People, Process, Technology
• Architecture Standards
• Security
• Implementation Models

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The Process Pyramid
Reinvent, Transform
Government
Reconfigure,Realign
Sector1 SectorN
Restructure, Merge
Enterprise1 EnterpriseN
Redefine, Integrate
Service1, Service2 ServiceN
Eliminate,Re-engineer
Process1, Process2
ProcessN
Reduce, Simplify
Action1, Action2
ActionN
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• e-Gov Architecture

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US Federal Enterprise Architecture
E-Gov area
Theme
FEA Model
PROCESS
Performance Reference Model(PRM)
Monitoring Performance of Federal Agencies
Business Reference Model(BRM)
Transformation of Processes(BPR)
Service Component Reference Model(SRM)
Reuse of Components of Service application
TECHNOLOGY
Data Reference Model(DRM)
Setting Data Standards
Technical Reference Model(TRM)
Setting Technology Standards
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UK e-Gov Architecture
Internet
UKonline Portal
Local Authority Portals
Local Authority Portals
Government Gateway
Govt Secure Intranet
Government ICT systems
Local Governments
PSUs
Deptl Systems
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eIndia Architecture
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EIMS
UMS
MMIS
MAS
Education
CARD
VASTIS
Civic Services
Revenue
SMS
CMS
Excise
FAST
PRISM
APNET
Data Centre
Call Centre
e-Seva
Police
e-Health
FHIMS
eCOPS
FACTS
Healthcare
IFIS
HRMS
Core Applications
smartcard
e-Procure
eACB
Telemed
OLTP
Portal
Welfare
Judiciary
GIS
SmartGov
Gateway
Datawarehouse
Kiosks
SBMS
JUDIS
e-Government Blueprint -AP .. an inside out view
e-Government Blueprint
AgriPortal
Agriculture
Business
PMS
Engineering
PAX
MarkNet
APIIS
e.Biz
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Admission
Scholarship
Grievances
Registration
Returns
Student
Citizen
Taxpayer
Info
Payments
Exams
E-learning
Works
Services
Licenses
e-Payments
Delivery Channels
Pensions
Health
e-Health
Medicines
Senior Citizen
Patient
Infrastructure
Government
Insurance
Old Age Home
Telemed
HealthInfo
Schemes
SHGs
Benefits
e-Government Applications
Women
Poor
Crime
Rights
Benefits
e-Government Blueprint .. an outside in view
e-Government Blueprint
Subsidies
Returns
Licenses
Prices
Advice
Rights
Farmer
Business
Children
Child Home
Literacy
e-Business
Subsidies
Helpdesk
Credit
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Implementation Models for e-Government
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Issues in Implementation of e-Gov

• System Study Vs. System Development
• Pilot Vs. Rollout
• L1 Vs T1
• In-house Vs. Outsource
• Make or Buy
• Open Source Vs Proprietary software

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Problems in implementation

• Lack of Political Will
• Official apathy
• Budget constraints
• Too many disjointed efforts
• Lack of Communication Infrastructure
• Digital Dividends Divide
• Shortage of Champions
• Local Language Interface
• Open Source
• Inadequate Legal Framework
• NO Architecture Standards
• Too much of rhetoric, too little benefits

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eGov Applications

• CARD
• Collectorate 2000
• e-Panchayat
• Land Records,
• Praja (Rural eSeva), eSeva(AP)
• Ekal Seva Kendra(Haryana)
• Bhoomi SachivalayaVahini(Karnataka)
• COURTIS, JUDIS
• eKhazana(A.P.)
• And so on

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Case Studies

• CARD
• Collectorate 2000
• e-Panchayat
• Land Records

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CARD

• Objective
• Transformation of Registration Services
• Implemented by IG Registration Stamps in
  Association with NIC
• First major e-Government initiative in India
• 387 sub-registrar offices computerized
• Implemented almost entirely in-house
• Over 50 lakh documents registered in CARD
• Encumbrance certificates instantaneous
• Web-version planned by NIC
• Anywhere EC Anywhere registration

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Collectorate 2000

• Objective
• To automate the processes within the Collectorate
• Implemented by Dist.Collector, IT Dept/APTS and
  NIC jointly
• First major e-Government initiative in the
  District Collectorates
• 23 District Collectorate offices computerized
• Implemented almost entirely in-house
• Subjects covered Revenue(DCB), Gun licenses,
  Law Order, Freedom fighter pensions, Civil
  supplies, Drinking water schemes, Schemes for
  Physically handicapped and Insurance schemes etc.

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e-Panchayat

• Objective
• To provide IT enabled e-Panchayat services to the
  citizens of the village
• Being implemented by Commnr., Panchayatraj, AP
• First ever e-Government initiative in Indian
  villages
• 1300 major panchayats targetted (10 in operation)
  
• Subjects covered Birth Death registration
  certification, House/Property tax asessment and
  collections, old age pensions, works monitoring,
  financial accounting, MIS, Agricultural
  extension, Access to Land Records

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Land Records

• Objective
• To update the record of rights on lands and to
  issue Pattadar passbooks and various land related
  certificates online
• Being implemented by Chief Commissioner., Land
  Administration, and NIC
• First ever e-Government initiative on Land
  Records in India
• Implemented and operational in 1127 Mandal
  Revenue Offices (Tahasildars)
• Subjects covered Mutational workflow process
  made online. Maintenance of Land records data
  such as Pvt./Govt./prohibited and encroachments,
  Lease and Mortgage
• Land Records data of all the 1127 Mandals hosted
  on Central Server for public viewing through
  Internet even from village level

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Thank you
For further Information Suggestions Please
contact Sri. C.S.R. Prabhu Deputy Director
General National Informatics Centre A-Block,
BRKR Bhavan Tankbund Road, Hyderabad-500063 Email
ddg_at_ap.nic.in