Residential Home Building

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Residential Home Building
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ATTENTION

• As of January 1, 2005, the Interim Fall
  Protection Guidelines for residential
  Construction are no longer in force. All
  residential fall protection must meet the
  criteria outlined in Subpart M
• 1926.500, 1926.501, 1926.502, 1926.503

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Fall protection plan

• This option is available only to employees
  engaged in
• leading edge work,
• precast concrete erection work,
• or residential construction work (See
  1926.501(b)(2), (b)(12), and (b)(13))

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Fall protection plan

• Employer must demonstrate that it is infeasible
  or it creates a greater hazard to use
  conventional fall protection equipment.
• The fall protection plan shall be prepared by a
  qualified person and developed specifically for
  the site where the leading edge work, precast
  concrete work, or residential construction work
  is being performed and the plan must be
  maintained up to date.

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Fall protection plan

• A copy of the plan with all approved changes
  shall be maintained at the job site.
• The implementation of the plan must ge under the
  supervision of a competent person.
• The plan shall document the reasons why the use
  of conventional fall protection systems
  (guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems,
  or safety nets systems) are infeasible or why
  their use would create a greater hazard.

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Fall protection plan

• The plan shall include a written discussion of
  other measures taken, such as scaffolds, ladders,
  or vehicle mounted work platforms, to eliminate
  the fall hazard for workers who cannot be
  provided with protection from the conventional
  fall protection systems.
• See 1926.502(k) for more details on Fall
  Protection Plan
• Link to sample fall protection plan
  http//www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_docum
  ent?p_tableSTANDARDSp_id10927

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As of January 1, 2005, slide guards are not
allowable as fall protection. A fall arrest
system must be used according to 1926.501(b)(10)
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Working off the top plate is prohibited as of
January 1, 2005.
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Residential
Fall Protection
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How did they get up there?
One employee is climbing the forms
Two employees are standing on a form scaffold
without a fall protection system
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This employee is working on the edge of the roof,
without fall protection As required by
1926.501(b)(11). The employees ladder is not
extended 3 feet above the eave
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Staging of Materials/Equipment. Materials and
equipment for the work shall be conveniently
located for the workers while performing work at
any height..
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Impalement Hazards. Materials and other objects
which could pose impalement hazards shall be kept
out of the area below where workers are working
or shall be properly guarded.
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As of January 1, 2005, this practice is no longer
allowed. Employees working on form work must be
protected by a fall arrest system above 6 feet,
in accordance with 1926.501(b)(5)
.
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EXCAVATIONS AROUND THE HOUSE FOUNDATION
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This employee is not protected by a sloping or
shoring system
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The house foundation/basement excavation must be
benched for at least two (2) feet horizontally
for every four (4) feet or less of vertical
height. In accordance with 1926.652(b)(1)(ii)
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The minimum horizontal width (excavation face to
form work/wall) at the bottom of the excavation
is as wide as practicable but not less than two
(2) feet.
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The excavation must be inspected by a competent
person to assure there is no water, surface
tension cracks, or other environmental conditions
present that reduce the stability of the
excavation.
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The Competent person must also check that there
is no heavy equipment, including loaders and
backhoes, operating in the vicinity that causes
vibration to the excavation walls while employees
are in the excavation AND
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That all soil, equipment, and material surcharge
loads are no closer in distance to the top edge
of the excavation than the excavation is deep.
Spoils piles shall be placed as far back from the
edge of the excavation as possible, but never
closer than two (2) feet.
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Work crews in the excavation are the minimum
number needed to perform the work and the work
has been planned and is carried out in a manner
to minimize the time employees are in the
excavation.
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OSHA Standards Interpretation Letter from James
Stanley dated 6/30/95
http//www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_docum
ent?p_tableINTERPRETATIONSp_id21846
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The spoils pile must be placed 2 feet from the
edge of the excavation
This excavation side wall does not meet the
criteria set out in the James Stanley letter.
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The employer must have Designated, Trained
Workers, when installing floor joist. The
employer must designate the trained workers who
will do this work.
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Leading Edge WorkWhile this work is taking
place, workers not directly assisting, shall not
be permitted within six (6) feet of the leading
edge.
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Installation Process Floor Joists/Trusses. The
first floor joist or truss must be rolled into
position and secured by workers on the ground,
ladders, or scaffolds. Successive joists/trusses
must be rolled into place. They are then to be
secured by workers on the ground, ladders,
scaffolds or platforms. The platform is to be
built from a sheet of plywood laid over the
previously secured floor joists or trusses.
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Installation Process Floor Sheathing. The
first row of floor sheathing must be installed by
workers on the ground, ladders, or scaffolds.
After the first row of sheathing has been
installed, workers shall work from the
established deck.
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Utilizing a forklift to set trusses on the wall
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Framers rolling floor joist from the ground
Framer rolling floor joists.
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.
Leading edge
.
Framer installing floor sheathing.
A framer installing floor sheathing
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Top Plates Rolling floor joist from a large
stepladder
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Framer is securing roof trusses while working
from the step ladder However, he is working from
the ladder in an unsafe manner. ALWAYS face the
ladder when working from it.
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Walking or standing on the floor joists near the
exterior wall top plate, as the worker is doing,
is not allowed and fall protection must be used
in this situation. The worker must use
scaffolding, a ladder, a wall walker, or other
conventional fall protection methods. This photo
depicts a serious hazard and a violation of 29
CFR 1926.501(b)(1).
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Warning Line A painted warning line six (6)
feet from the perimeter, will be clearly marked
before any wall erection activities take place.
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Note This work must be done within a CAZ
(controlled access zone). A crew supervisor/
foreman is required to monitor the work. THE
WARNING LINE DOES NOT REPLACE THE MONITOR.
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Leading edge work
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Limit Fall Hazard Exposure. Workers
constructing exterior wall shall complete as much
cutting of material and other preparatory work as
possible away from the edge of the deck.
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Working off the exterior wall top plate, a
definite hazard and violation of 29 CFR
1926.501(b)(13).
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Raising a heavy wall with pipe jacks.
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Illustration of a potential hazard because the
framer is walking in-the-line-of-fire (under the
load) and the sling is not positively attached to
the forklift.

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Illustration of a forklift equipped with a TRUSS
BOOM that is designed to lift and place material
such as roof trusses, frames, and beams and
prevents loads from becoming detached.
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Standard Guardrails for Residential Homebuilding
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Floor holes (stairway, mechanical chase, or
other) shall meet the requirements of 29 CFR
1926.501(b)(4), which requires the use of either
personal fall arrest systems, covers or guardrail
systems where fall distances are 6 feet or more.
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1926.502(a)(2) Determine if the walking/working
surfaces on which its employees are to work have
the strength and structural integrity to support
employees safely. Employees shall be allowed to
work on those surfaces only when the surfaces
have the requisite strength and structural
integrity.
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1926.501(b)(4) Each employee on walking/working
surfaces shall be protected from falling through
holes above lower levels, by personal fall arrest
systems, covers, or guardrail systems erected
around such holes.
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Floor hole covers

• All other covers shall be capable of supporting,
  without failure, at least twice the weight of
  employees, equipment, and materials that may be
  imposed on the cover at any one time.
• All covers shall be secured when installed so as
  to prevent accidental displacement by the wind,
  equipment, or employees.
• All covers shall be color coded or they shall be
  marked with the word "HOLE" or "COVER" to provide
  warning of the hazard.
• Toeboards shall be a minimum of 3 1/2 inches (9
  cm) in vertical height from their top edge to the
  level of the walking/working surface. They shall
  have not more than 1/4 inch

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Stud walls, no matter what the stud OC
dimensions, shall not be considered appropriate
guardrail systems around floor openings
(stairway, mechanical chase, or other) unless top
rails and midrails are installed.
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Example of a guardrail system around a stairway
opening to the basement that complies with OSHA
regulations. (Stud wall framing, without the
addition of a horizontal top rail and mid rail,
is not sufficient for interior walls to comply
with the regulations.
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stairways and floor openings must be covered or
railed
Temporary metal guardrail system.
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Window wells must be covered The cover must be
secured
Illustration of a job-made window well covering.
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Depicts the dangerous practice of working from
the top plate of the exterior wall while
rolling trusses. The framer has nothing but the
tail end of the truss to hold on to for balance.
The framer is at substantial risk of FALLING!
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Working off the exterior wall top plate, a
definite hazard and violation of 29 CFR
1926.501(b)(13).
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Building truss system on the ground to be lifted
into place with a crane
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This photo was taken during a snow storm in 1994.
Flying up the truss works in this type of
weather, makes the case for building them on the
ground stronger.
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THE WALL WALKER
THE WALL WALKER
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THE BODYGUARD RAIL SYSTEM
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THE BODYGUARD RAIL SYSTEM
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Falling Objects/Restricted Access. Workers not
involved in roof sheathing shall not stand or
walk below or adjacent to the roof opening or
exterior walls where they could be struck by
falling objects. The competent person shall
clearly designate the restricted area before
placement of the first piece of sheathing.
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Utilizing a fall protection system during roof
sheathing operations
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Roof holes/openings.The employer shall have any
damaged portions of the roof deck repaired as
soon as practicable. Any holes (including
skylight openings) or other areas where employees
would not have safe footing shall be covered or
surrounded by guardrails that comply with the
requirements of 1926.502.
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Ladders/Scaffolds.If ladders or scaffolds are
used, they shall be erected and maintained in
accordance with the requirements of Subparts X
and L of OSHA's construction standards. In
addition, employees shall be trained in
accordance with the requirements of Subparts X
L.
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Access To Roof.Employers shall not allow
workers to ascend or descend the roof's slope
within 6 feet of the rake edge except where that
limitation would prevent the performance of work.
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Impalement Hazards.The area below the eaves and
rakes shall be kept clear of materials and other
objects which could pose impalement or other
hazards, or properly guarded.
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Anchor Point
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Riding the Conveyor is Prohibited.
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Roofing utilizing a retractable lifeline
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Roofing utilizing a guardrail system
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Roofing utilizing a guardrail system
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Workers Fall Arrested, Found to be Practicing
Good Safety
Readying to repair a barrel roof with a steep
slope, Rogelio donned his stretchable full-body
harness and tied off to a roof anchor system that
included a four-point mounting assembly with a
rope grab, lifeline and shock-absorbing lanyard.
Rogelio stepped on a board that slipped out of
place, and he lost his footing. He fell and slid
off the edge of the roof, but his fall protection
arrested the descent. Fellow employees grabbed
his deployed lanyard and assisted Rogelio up
onto the roofuninjured. ISEA Summer report
August 26, 2002
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What were they thinking?
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)29 CFR 1926,
Subpart E
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Assure the wearing of the appropriate PPE for the
task
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When making a decision on whether or not to use
PPE, the following questions about hazards should
be asked
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A. Is there adequate protection to avoid injuries
to the head from struck by hazards falling
objects, objects being carried by others,
etc.? For guidance on equipment selection look
to 29CFR1926.100(a) and (b)-Head Protection.
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Is there adequate protection to avoid injuries to
the eyes and face resulting from penetration of
chemicals and splintered wood, nails, and other
objects? For guidance on equipment selection
look to 29CFR1926.102-Eye and Face Protection.
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Is there adequate protection for foot injuries
caused by crushing, sharp object penetration of
the sole of the shoe, and slipping caused by
inadequate foot/boot traction when on sloped
surfaces?For guidance on equipment selection
look to 29CFR1926.96-Occupational Foot
Protection.
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D. Is there adequate protection against
penetration of skin or contact by hot objects
such as heated tar, also protection against cuts,
abrasions, and chemicals? For guidance on
equipment selection look to 29CFR1926.95-Criteria
for Personal Protective Equipment.
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E. Is there adequate protection for excessive
noise levels? For guidance on equipment
selection look to 29 CFR 1926.101 - Hearing
Protection.
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F. Is there adequate protection against
inhalation of harmful air contaminants? For
guidance on equipment selection look to 29 CFR
1926.103 -(see 1910.134) Respiratory Protection.
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G. Is there adequate protection for the hands
against cuts, abrasions, and chemicals? For
guidance on equipment selection look to 29 CFR
1926.95 - Criteria for Personal Protective
Equipment.
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