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Pemodelan Perangkat Lunak

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Digunakan untuk memperlihatkan interaksi antar obyek dalam perintah yang berurut. ... Message : komunikasi antar obyek partisipan. Terdapat 2 tipe garis yaitu ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Pemodelan Perangkat Lunak


1
Pemodelan Perangkat Lunak
  • Sequence Diagram

2
Sequence Diagram
  • Merupakan suatu diagram interaksi yang memodelkan
    suatu skenario tunggal yang dijalankan pada
    sistem
  • Digunakan untuk memperlihatkan interaksi antar
    obyek dalam perintah yang berurut.
  • Tujuan utama adalah mendefinisikan urutan
    kejadian yang dapat menghasilkan output yang
    diinginkan

3
Sequence Diagram
  • Partisipan obyek atau entitas yang bertindak
    dalam sequence diagram
  • Message komunikasi antar obyek partisipan
  • Terdapat 2 tipe garis yaitu vertikal dan
    horisontal
  • Vertikal waktu ? maju berdasarkan waktu
  • Horisontal obyek mana yang beraksi

4
Elemen Notasi
  • Didefinisikan pada UML 2.0
  • Digambarkan dalam bentuk frame
  • Bersifat optional untuk menggambarkan batas
    grafis suatu diagram.

5
Elemen Notasi (cont.)
  • A sequence diagram that has incoming and outgoing
    messages

6
Elemen Notasi (Labeling)
DiagramType DiagramName
  • The UML specification provides specific text
    values for diagram types
  • sd Sequence Diagram,
  • activity Activity Diagram,
  • use case Use Case Diagram

7
Types of Interaction
  • Creation
  • Menunjukkan pesan yang menyebabkan terjadinya
    pembentukan instan obyek.
  • Synchronous
  • Pesan yang dikirim oleh 1 obyek ke obyek lain dan
    obyek pertama menunggu sampai hasil aksi selesai.
  • Asynchronous
  • Pesan yang dikirim oleh 1 obyek ke obyek lain dan
    obyek pertama tidak menunggu sampai hasil aksi
    selesai.
  • Reply
  • Menunjukkan nilai kembali dari obyek ke obyek
    yang megirim pesan

Sumber schaum outline
8
Guidelines for Building a UML Sequence Diagram
  • Set the context (i.e. scope the system)
  • Identify participating objects
  • Draw arbitrary lifelines for each class
  • Draw the duration of the objects on the class
    lifeline
  • Insert the object messages from top to bottom of
    diagram (time-based)
  • Check the diagram for completeness

9
Lifelines
  • Elemen notasi lifeline terletak pada posisi atas
    diagram
  • Represent either roles or object instances that
    participate in the sequence being modeled
  • Standar penamaan lifeline
  • Instance Name Class Name

10
Messages
  • The first message of a sequence diagram always
    starts at the top and is typically located on the
    left side of the diagram for readability.
  • Subsequent messages are then added to the diagram
    slightly lower then the previous message.

11
Message (cont.)
  • the analyst object makes a call to the system
    object which is an instance of the
    ReportingSystem class.
  • The analyst object is calling the system object's
    getAvailableReports method.
  • The system object then calls the
    getSecurityClearance method with the argument of
    userId on the secSystem object, which is of the
    class type SecuritySystem
  • the secSystem object returns userClearance to the
    system object when the getSecurityClearance
    method is called.
  • The system object returns availableReports when
    the getAvailableReports method is called.

12
Message (cont.)
  • the system object calling its determineAvailableRe
    ports method.

13
Message (cont.)
  • Asynchronous Messages digunakan pada proses
    konkurensi

14
Guards
  • When modeling object interactions, there will be
    times when a condition must be met for a message
    to be sent to the object.
  • the guard is the text "pastDueBalance 0." By
    having the guard on this message, the addStudent
    message will only be sent if the accounts
    receivable system returns a past due balance of
    zero

15
Combined fragments (alternatives, options, and
loops)
  • A combined fragment is used to group sets of
    messages together to show conditional flow in a
    sequence diagram.
  • The UML 2 specification identifies 11 interaction
    types for combined fragments.

16
Alternatives
  • Alternatives are used to designate a mutually
    exclusive choice between two or more message
    sequences.
  • Alternatives allow the modeling of the classic
    "if then else" logic e.g.
  • if I buy three items, then I get 20 off my
    purchase else I get 10 off my purchase.

17
Alternatives (cont.)
18
Option
  • The option combination fragment is used to model
    a sequence that, given a certain condition, will
    occur otherwise, the sequence does not occur.
  • An option is used to model a simple "if then"
    statement (i.e., if there are fewer than five
    donuts on the shelf, then make two dozen more
    donuts).

19
Option (Cont.)
if a student's past due balance equals zero, then
the addStudent, getCostOfClass, and
chargeForClass messages are sent. If the
student's past due balance does not equal zero,
then the sequence skips sending any of the
messages in the option combination fragment.
20
Loops
  • Occasionally you will need to model a repetitive
    sequence.
  • In UML 2, modeling a repeating sequence has been
    improved with the addition of the loop
    combination fragment.

21
Loops (cont.)
22
Referencing another sequence diagram
  • Starting in UML 2, the "Interaction Occurrence"
    element was introduced.
  • Interaction occurrences add the ability to
    compose primitive sequence diagrams into complex
    sequence diagrams.
  • The text "ref" is placed inside the frame's
    namebox, and the name of the sequence diagram
    being referenced is placed inside the frame's
    content area along with any parameters to the
    sequence diagram.

23
Interaction Occurrence
24
Interaction Occurrence (cont.)
25
Gates
  • Gates can be an easy way to model the passing of
    information between a sequence diagram and its
    context.
  • A gate is merely a message that is illustrated
    with one end connected to the sequence diagram's
    frame's edge and the other end connected to a
    lifeline

26
Gates (cont.)
27
Gates (cont.)
28
Break
  • almost identical in every way to the option
    combined fragment, with two exceptions.
  • a break's frame has a namebox with the text
    "break" instead of "option."
  • when a break combined fragment's message is to be
    executed, the enclosing interaction's remainder
    messages will not be executed because the
    sequence breaks out of the enclosing interaction
  • break combined fragment is much like the break
    keyword in a programming language like C or
    Java
  • Breaks are most commonly used to model exception
    handling

29
(No Transcript)
30
Parallel
  • When the processing time required to complete
    portions of a complex task is longer than
    desired, some systems handle parts of the
    processing in parallel
  • The parallel combination fragment is drawn using
    a frame, and you place the text "par" in the
    frame's namebox
  • break up the frame's content section into
    horizontal operands separated by a dashed line.
  • Each operand in the frame represents a thread of
    execution done in parallel.

31
Parallel (cont.)
A microwave is an example of an object that does
two tasks in parallel
32
Summary
  • The sequence diagram is a good diagram to use to
    document a system's requirements and to flush out
    a system's design.
  • The reason the sequence diagram is so useful is
    because it shows the interaction logic between
    the objects in the system in the time order that
    the interactions take place.

33
References
  • UML 2.0 Superstructure Final Adopted
    Specification
  • UML 2 Sequence Diagram Overview
  • UML 2 Tutorial

34
Try this yourself
  • Draw up a sequence diagram modelling the case
    when an advert campaign manager retrieves the
    details of a particular clients advertising
    campaign and lists the details of a particular
    advert from the campaign. The sequence diagram
    should also show the case when a new advert is
    created. Only call messages (synchronous) should
    be used in this example and use any iteration
    conditions as you deem necessary.
  • Objects to use CampainManager, Client,
    Campaign, and Advert

35
A Solution to Previous Slide
36
Try this too
  • Create a sequence diagram modelling the
    behaviour of a PCB drilling machine. The machine
    will drill holes in a PCB of given dimensions at
    a set of given co-ordinates. Co-ordinates are
    given as a list, which must contain at least one
    set of co-ordinates. Drilling stops when the end
    of the list is reached or when a user interrupts
    the process.

37
A Solution to Previous Slide
38
Question
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