Country Paper Nepal

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Country Paper - Nepal
Third South Asian Conference on Sanitation
(SACOSAN III)
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Country Situation - A Glimpse

• Nepal is a land-locked country with a population
  of over 27 million people
• Infant mortality declined by 39 per cent over the
  last 10 years (from 79 deaths per 1,000 live
  births to 48 deaths per 1,000 live births).
  Under-five mortality has declined by 48 per
  cent.
• Acute respiratory infection (ARI) and diarrhoea
  are sill the leading causes of under-five
  mortality, which combined, result into13,100
  deaths per year
• Per capita income stands at US 290, with 31 per
  cent of the population living below the poverty
  line.

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Policies, Principles and Reforms

• Major Policy Frameworks National Sanitation
  Policy, 1994. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
  National Policy 2004. Rural Water Supply and
  Sanitation National Strategy and Secroral
  Strategic Action Plan 2004.The Environment
  Protection Act 1996 and Environment Protection
  Regulations 1997 (first amendment 1999, second
  amendment 2006).
• Institutional strengthening (SCNSA, RWSSCC,
  DSSC/DWSSCC, VDC), expansion of best practices
  (SSHE, SLTS, CLTS, WATSAN, and NSAW).
• Integration and partnership PPSCP inclusion of
  schools and communities in the partnership.
• Sanitation recognized as matter of dignity,
  identity and pride and basic rights of the
  citizens

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Strategies

• The strategies adopted in sanitation sector are
  as follows
• Turning Sanitation into everybodys business
  Promotion of sanitation and hygiene programs in
  close coordination with relevant bodies of the
  government, UN agencies, donors, development
  organizations, WATSAN federations, schools, and
  community-based organizations.
• Promotion of inter-sector integration
  Integration of sanitation programmes with the
  health, education, social, environmental, and
  tourism sectors, and promotion of public,
  private, community and school partnerships at
  national, regional, district and local levels.
• Address local needs through local delivery
  Emphasis on the needs of the poor,
  disadvantaged, female-headed households, and
  rural areas, and encouragement of participation
  by school children, women and local institutions
  in the development, planning, implementation and
  monitoring of sanitation programmes.
• Capacity, Choices and Inclusiveness Promotion of
  users friendly facilities and capacity
  development at all levels including adoption of
  inclusive and gender sensitive approaches.

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Students Leading Sanitation Promotion
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Achievements
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Achievements

• National coverage in sanitation has reached 46
  percent of the population
• Decreased infant and under five child mortality
  rate, increased girls enrolment in schools are
  directly linked benefits
• Sanitation has been recognized as an activity of
  its own merit- stand alone budget allocations
  from the government.
• Increased contribution from SCNSA, RSSC, DSSC/
  DWSSCC, DDC, VDC, Schools, CBOs media and civil
  society
• Sanitation programs expanded and scaled up (e.g.
  SLTS/total sanitation program introduced in all
  75 districts of Nepal and school hygiene and
  sanitation program in over 1500 schools)
• Improved hygiene and sanitation behavior
  including hand washing with soap among school
  children and community
• Development of master plan, urban water supply
  and sanitation policy and guideline as well as
  Nepal Country Plan for the IYS-2008.

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Nepals Commitment towards IYS-2008
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Achievements..

• Increased private sector participation of in hand
  washing initiative/Global Hand-washing Day,
  international Year of Sanitation, and National
  Sanitation Action Week.
• Decentralized wastewater management systems and
  waste-based alternative energyfor example,
  biogas, reed-bedin urban and peri-urban centres
  including promotion of ecological sanitation
• Enhanced dignity, identity and pride among local
  communities/schools and benefits to the poor,
  disadvantaged and minority groups through
  SLTS/CLTS/total sanitation approach.
• Improvements in quality education, health,
  environmental sanitation and gender empowerment
• Demonstrated commitment from politicians, policy
  makers, members of constituent assembly,
  journalists, civil society, sports-persons,
  artists, school children, professors,
  entrepreneurs (on the occasion of IYS)
• Installation of gender-friendly, child-friendly
  and differently-abled friendly water and
  sanitation facilities in schools and communities

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Community Movement in Total Sanitation
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No Open Defecation Declaration Ceremony
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Role of civil society

• Advocacy, awareness generation and motivation
  from intellectual groups, womens groups,
  community healers, priests, opinion leaders,
  journalists and school children.
• Social auditing, self monitoring of the program.
• Promote equity, equality, transparency, and
  address needs of high-risk, physically impaired,
  and socially disadvantaged communities
• Instigate community support for individual,
  household and environmental sanitation
  promotional activities.

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Partnership, Alliances and Networking

• SCNSA with over 25 members organizations and
  other concerned stakeholders builds alliances and
  promotes program integration with water, health,
  education, environmental sectors.
• Government Line Agencies (MPPW, MHP, MLD, MES,
  MCWSW), UN agencies, donors, and I/NGOs have been
  collaborating to contribute to the MDGs
• The SCNSA, RWSSCC, DSSC/DWSSCC at regional and
  district levels coordinate respective national,
  regional and district organizations from the
  health, education, environment and tourism
  sectors.
• IYS desk coordinating to implement Nepal country
  plan developed through multi-stakeholders
  coordination
• Urban sanitation management strategies, policies,
  approaches and programmes are focused on public,
  private partnership
• Ministry of Physical Planning and Works set up a
  monitoring and evaluation unit in its
  institutional framework to strengthen
  monitoring/coordination and carry out research
  and development for the hygiene and sanitation
  sector.

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Lessons Learned

• Participatory tools, techniques and approaches
  (PHAST, SARAR, PRA/RRA) in sanitation programme
  are effective
• A combination of software, hardware, mind-ware
  and org-ware is important for the promotion of
  hygiene and sanitation, especially in rural areas
  with special emphasis on institutional building
  at school/community levels.
• School children are key change agents for hygiene
  and sanitation behaviour and facilities promotion
  not only in school but also in communities.
• Total sanitation, as in SLTS/CLTS, is an
  efficient, effective and rapid approach to
  bringing about sanitation promotion of knowledge,
  behaviour and facilities in settlements/school
  catchment areas and Village Development
  Committees.
• Reward, recognition and revolving fund, as used
  in the SLTS approach, and innovative and creative
  activities motivate people and facilitate
  effective implementation, monitoring and
  follow-up of sanitation programmes.

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Women Helping the Poor Family
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Challenges

• Lack of knowledge, behaviour and practice
  (ignorance of common transmission routes for
  diseases, preference for defecating in open
  spaces rather than toilets, Poverty, illiteracy,
  remote and inaccessible villages, and cultural
  mindsets).
• Girl child drop out in secondary schools still
  prevails at concerning scales, primarily because
  of the lack of proper sanitation facilities in
  school.
• Inadequate sanitation facilities in schools and
  communities (few child, gender and
  differently-abled friendly sanitation facilities
  in schools and communities).
• Gap exists in coverage between sanitation and
  water supply, between rural and urban areas,
  between poor and rich, and in knowledge and
  practice.
• The overall sewerage system situation is poor,
  and the infrastructure is insufficient.
• Inadequate institutional support and budget to
  speed up sanitation coverage.

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Ways for solution

• The growing joint effort among stakeholders
  including public, private, school and community
  partnerships, political commitment, and
  sanitation programme integration with health,
  education, nutrition and environment sectors to
  be harnessed.
• Expansion of sanitation facilities including
  installation of child-, gender- and
  differently-abled-friendly sanitation facilities
  in schools and communities
• Scaling up of sanitation best practices through
  out the country.
• Timely delivery of services, promotion of
  technological innovation, involvement of
  sanitation-based entrepreneurs, use of indigenous
  knowledge, and mobilization of local resources
  for production of sanitation facilities.
• Advocacy, awareness generation, media
  mobilization and social mobilization requires
  further intensity at national, regional, district
  and local levels. The concept of total sanitation
  can lead to universal coverage through community
  initiatives with minimum support from the centre.
• The government need to allocate adequate budget
  for stand alone sanitation programmes to achieve
  total sanitation in Nepal by 2017 as per the
  master plan on sanitation and commitment at
  political level.

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After SACOSAN

• Development and finalization of master plan
  implementation guidelines-SCNSA/DWSS/MPPW/NPC
• Revision and finalization of urban water supply
  and sanitation policy-MPPW
• Finalization and dissemination of documentation
  for database on sanitation-DWSS/MPPW
• Development and dissemination of strategy for
  media advocacy-SCNSA/DWSS
• Assessment and documentation of IYS 2008
  initiatives-SCNSA/DWSS
• Preparation of annual work plan (general and
  specific) based on approaches appropriate for
  each geographical region-Concerned stakeholders
• Participatory assessment of SLTS, CLTS and
  NSAW-SCNSA/DWSS/concerned stakeholders
• Follow up SACOSAN declaration-SCNSA/DWSS/MPPW

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Umbrella Logo in Sanitation
A Symbol of Partnership
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Thank You