IPC: CHAPTER 16 NOTES Solids, Liquids

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IPC CHAPTER 16 NOTES Solids, Liquids Gases
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Section 1 Kinetic Theory

• KINETIC THEORY - explains how
• particles in matter behave.
• 1) All matter is composed of small particles
  (atoms/molecules).
• 2) These particles are in constant, random
  motion.
• 3) These particles are colliding with each
  other and the walls of their container.

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Thermal Energy and Expansion

• Thermal energy in the particles causes them to
  vibrate in place. Less temperature less energy
  therefore vibrations are more slow. (kids in
  winter) and vise versa
• Average kinetic energy term used to explain how
  hot or cold an object is.
• Coldest temperature is Absolute Zero! That is
  -273.15 C thermal energy is equal to ZERO and
  particles dont move
• Thermal Expansion explains
• how particles expand
• and contract

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STATES OF MATTER

• There are 4 states of matter
• 1) Solids
• 2) Liquids
• 3) Gases
• 4) Plasma

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SOLIDS

• Solid is a phase of matter in which the particles
  are closely packed together. Has definite shape
  and volume!
• Most solids are made of crystals and have a
  crystalline structure.

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LIQUIDS

• Liquid is a phase of matter in which the
  particles are moving more freely than the
  particles in a solid. No definite shape but
  liquids do have definite volume!
• When a solid begins to liquefy, this is known as
  the melting point.

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GASES

• Gas is a phase of matter in which the particles
  are far apart and constantly moving. No definite
  volume nor shape!
• Gases can VAPORIZE two ways by evaporation
  (from top of liquid) or boiling (from within /
  below the liquid)

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Heating Curve
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PLASMA

• The most common state of matter in the UNIVERSE!
• Matter consists of positively and negatively
  charged particles.
• Found in lightning bolts, neon and fluorescent
  tubes, fires, and auroras.

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Solid or Liquid?

• When changing states, there are two classes of
  materials that do not react as you would expect
  when they change states.

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• Amorphous solids These lack structure found in
  crystals. It comes from the Greek word without
  form an example would be corn starch and water

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• Liquid crystals As they melt, they retain their
  geometric order as they flow used in calculators

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Notes Review

• What does the Kinetic Theory explain?
• How many types of phases of matter are there and
  list them.
• What type of matter is the most common in the
  UNIVERSE?
• What are the two classes of materials that do not
  react as you would expect when they change
  states?
• What is absolute zero and list that temperature?