Advancements in Lithium Ion Batteries

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Advancements in Lithium Ion Batteries
World Class. American Made.

• John Battaglini, VP Business Development
• October, 2009

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Agenda

• International Battery Overview
• Battery Industry Trends
• Advancements in Li-Ion Batteries
• Energy Storage for Utilities
• General Trends
• What, Why, Where
• Competing Storage Technologies
• Li-Ion Battery Solutions
• Bulk Storage
• Distributed Energy Storage

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Company Overview

• Large format lithium ion prismatic cells and
  batteries
• Founded 2004
• Headquarters plant Allentown, PA
• 92,000 sq ft facility
• State-of-the-art laboratory and testing
  facilities
• Current capacity 20,000 kWh/year, expansion
  capacity to 120,000 kWh/year
• Unique, environmentally friendly water-based
  manufacturing process

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Lithium Ion Next Step in Storage
Energy Storage Systems Get Bigger
Lithium Batteries Get Bigger

• Confidential and Proprietary

Energy Density
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Market Forecast (B)
CAGR
27B
Military
25
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Stationary

• Confidential and Proprietary

8B
6B
48
Transportation
Sources CLSA, Deutsche Bank, Frost Sullivan,
Lux Research, Company Estimates.
August 2009
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Areas of Advancement

• Chemistry and Materials

• Format
• Large Format prismatic cells

• Manufacturing Process
• Water-based

September 2009
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Chemistry Materials

• Continuous development and introduction of new
  anode and cathode materials
• International Battery focused on established
  Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) and Nickel Cobalt
  Manganese (NCM) cathode chemistries

September 2009
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Large Format Prismatic Cells When Energy Really
Matters
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System Benefits

• Lower system cost per KWh
• Higher energy density due to tighter packaging
• Increased safety and performance
• Individual cell monitoring
• Continuous cell balancing
• Pressure relief valve

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Green, Sustainable Production

• Unique water-based process
• Reduced capital requirements
• Reduced operating costs
• Safest for the environment
• Minimal use of solvents
• Eliminates use of millions of gallons of acetone,
  NMP or MEK
• Radical reduction in volatile organic compound
  (VOC) emissions
• Lower energy consumption

Traditional solvent-based coating with solvent
recovery
Water-based coating process
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Enabling New Applications

• Transportation
• Automotive
• 10 30 kWh heavy hybrid, electric cars, light
  trucks (PHEV, EV)
• Large vehicles truck, bus, off-road
• 25 100 kWh, fleet vehicles (HEV, PHEV, EV)

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Enabling New Applications

• Stationary
• Smart grid Community Energy Storage
• 25 100 kWh
• Utility grid regulation and load leveling
• gt1 MWh trailers
• Diurnal energy storage, solar and wind
  integration

September 2009
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• Energy Storage for Utilities

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Why is Storage Needed?

• International Comparisons
• Japan 15
• Europe 10
• United States 2.5

• Who has the most blackouts ??

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Why is Storage Needed?
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Why is Storage Needed?
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State Targets for Renewables

• NJ 23 by 2021
• NY 25 by 2013
• CA 20 by 2017
• 33 by 2020
• OH 25 by 2025
• MI 10 by 2015
• WI 10 by 2015
• MN 25 by 2025

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Where is Storage Needed?
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Different Application Requirements
Source KEMA
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Many Competing Technologies
Source KEMA
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Why Lithium Ion?

• Efficiency
• 98-99
• Response Time
• 50 msec
• Energy Density
• Scalability
• gt 1 MWhr
• Enables Multiple Services
• Cost Reduction Roadmap (Adoption by other
  industries)
• Investment and innovation

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Bulk Energy Storage Systems(1 MWhr)
Scalable Modules 4-5 KWh, 25-30V
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Distributed Energy Storage
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Community Energy Storage

• Customized Systems
• Energy Capacity from 50 KWh 150KWh
• Tailored to the location and duty cycle
• Easy to maintain
• Controls agnostic
• (inverters, chargers, switching hardware,
  etc)
• International Battery Prototypes Available
  November 2009

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Summary

• Need for Energy Storage increasing dramatically
• Care must be taken to match the application
  requirements to the storage technology
• Li-Ion batteries are proving to be a versatile
  solution
• Industry partnerships are the key to make this
  happen

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• Thank you !!
• John Battaglini
• VP Business Development
• International Battery www.internationalbattery.c
  om
• jbattaglini_at_internationalbattery.com
• [phone] - Office
• [phone] - Cell