Health PromotionHealth Belief Models

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Health Promotion/Health Belief Models

• Dianna Spies Sorenson, Ph.D., RN

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What Is a Theory?

• a set of interrelated concepts, definitions,
  propositions
• present a systematic view of events or
  situations by specifying relations among
  variables
• describe, explain, predict prescribe events
  or situations.

• Theories have generality, or broad application,
• Theories are by nature abstract

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What is a Model?

• Differing opinions
• Often a pictorial representation of theory
• Depicts the relationship of concepts

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Why Use Theories/Models?

• Theory can help us during stages of planning,
  implementing, evaluating an intervention

• WHY people are/not following public health
  medical advice, or caring for themselves in
  healthy ways.
• WHAT you need to know before developing or
  organizing an intervention program.
• HOW you shape program strategies to reach people
  and organizations make an impact on them.
• WHAT to monitor, measure, and/or compare in the
  program evaluation.

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Theories can

• help us understand the nature of targeted health
  behaviors.
• explain the dynamics of the behavior, the
  processes for changing the behavior, and the
  effects of external influences on the behavior.
• identify the most suitable targets for programs,
  the methods for accomplishing change, the
  outcomes for evaluation.

• Theories and models EXPLAIN behavior and suggest
  ways to achieve behavior CHANGE.

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Relationship Between Health /Illness

• Addressed?
• Terms?
• Individual/Family/Group/Community?
• Who Defines?

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Health/Illness Models

• Biomedical
• Holistic
• Biopsychosocial
• Ethnomedical/Cultural
• Illness Behavior
• Ecological/Transactional
• Penders Health Promotion
• Health Belief

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Examples of Health Promotion Related Models
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Janz, N., Becker, M.H. (1984). The health
belief model A decade later. Health Education
Quarterly, 11(1), 1-47
Individual Perceptions
Modifying Factors
Likelihood of Action
Demographic Variables Sociopsychological
variables
Perceived benefits of preventive
action Minus Perceived barriers to preventive
action
Perceived susceptability to disease x
Perceived seriousness (severity) of disease x
Perceived threat of disease x
Likelihood of taking recommended preventive
health action
CUES TO ACTION Mass media campaigns Advice from
others Illness of family/friend Newspaper.magazine
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Health Communication Model
Health professional
Health Professional
Communication Variables
Health care contexts
Lifespan
Communication Variables
Significant Others
Client
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Health Intention/Behavior
The persons beliefs that the behavior leads to
certain outcomes the evaluations of these
outcomes
Attitude toward the behavior
Rel. importance of attitudinal normative
considerations
The persons beliefs that specific indiv/grp
think s/he should/not perform the behavior the
motivation to comply w/specific referents
Intention
Behavior
Subjective norm
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Metcalfe, D. In A. Hopkins D. Costain (Eds.),
Measuring the outcomes of medical care. London
Royal College of Physicians
Health Concern
Objective
Nursing Intervention
Intervening variable
Intended Outcome
Serendipitous Outcome
End-Health Status
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Prochaska Model of Change
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Consumer Information Processing Model of Choice