Framing Floors, Walls, and Roofs

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Habitat for Humanity Saint LouisCREW
LEADERTRAINING

• Framing Floors, Walls, and Roofs

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• Jacinta Witherspoon
• Volunteer Services Manager
• Habitat for Humanity Saint Louis
• jacinta_at_habitatstl.org
• 314-371-0400 x 27

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Presentation Format

• Safety issues
• Tools
• Materials
• Vocabulary/parts of a frame
• Procedural steps
• Troubleshooting

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You should get from this

• Safety concerns
• Tools, materials and fasteners
• Parts of a floor, wall, and roof frame
• Habitat-related framing details

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General safety concerns/hazards

• Eye Protection / Ear Protection
• Sun / Heat
• Ladders / Falls
• Improper setting
• Overextending / misuse
• Hard hats dropped tools/materials
• Using the right tool

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Habitat Construction Leadership

• Crew Leader Responsibilities
• Follow house leader direction
• Monitor equipment set-up and cleanup
• Train and coach volunteers
• Observe safety and ensure quality
• What We Want to Avoid
• Volunteer idleness inefficiency apathy

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Framing Tools

• Hammers
• Tape measures and squares
• Chalk lines, levels
• Circular and reciprocal saws
• Nail puller
• Powder actuated gun
• Drill/Screwgun

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Framing Fasteners

• 16d nails (3 1/4)
• 10d nails (2 3/4)
• 8d nails (2 1/2)
• Galvanized and V.C.
• Subfloor adhesive
• Caulk
• Joist hangers
• Concrete anchors

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Floor Framing

• Predecessor foundation
• Phases Sill plates, girders, joists, sheathing
• New this year open webbed trusses
• Advantages of engineered lumber

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Sill Plates

• Treated lumber
• Butt joints
• Attached w/anchor bolts
• Sill Sealer
• Usually completed before blitz

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Floor Truss Installation

• Band board first
• Layout 24 O.C.
• Long lengths caution
• Fasteners nails and hangers
• Opening details

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Band Board
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Sub Floor Joists
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Subfloor Sheathing

• Safety
• Snap line for first row
• Low v.o.c. adhesive
• Continuous bead of glue
• Tongue and groove sheathing
• 6/8 nailing
• Check joist alignment

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Sub Floor Decking
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Sub Floor Decking
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Wall Framing Overview

• Purpose Build and /or Erect the Interior and
  Exterior Walls
• Approx. time 1 day
• 15 - 20 volunteers required

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Wall Framing Safety Hazards

• Hammers/nails cause eye injuries too!
• Use ramps/temporary stairs
• Barricade openings ASAP
• Raise walls with everybody
• No one outside/behind the wall while its being
  raised
• Assign people to be holders prior to bracing
  walls

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Parts 1- Plates

• Bottom Plate connects studs to subfloor
• Top Plate connects studs to cap plate
• Cap Plate Double Top Plate, connects wall to
  roof and ceiling
• Layout performed on plates

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Parts 2- Studs

• King Stud Precut stud
• Jack a stud that supports a header.
• Cripple layout stud over/under opening
• Stud length pre-determined
• Must be crowned

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Green Walls

• HFHSL uses 2 X 6 exterior walls
• Finger-jointed, recycled studs
• Glued sheathing
• Energy efficiency
• LEED points

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Crowning Studs
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Parts 3- Openings

• Window sill
• Header top of opening/bears load
• Jack Stud Supports a header
• Cripple Studs short studs that support window
  sills and fill in above headers

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Interior Doors
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Parts 4- Corners and Partitions

• Purpose attach 2 walls and create backing for
  drywall
• Corners drywall backing added
• Partitions (Ladders) located within one wall
  where another intersects

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Wall Assembly Headers
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Parts 5- Sheathing

• Sheathing Plywood/OSB which creates the outside
  skin of the wall
• 1/2 thick
• 4 W X 8 L
• Edges must fall on a stud
• New this year glued edges

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Installing Sheathing

• Vertical
• Matches stud layout
• Glue
• Square walls provide consistent reveals
• 4/8 nailing
• Cut out openings before raising the wall.
• Blue board and lath after walls are stood

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Installing Sheathing
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Framing-Order of Procedures

• All walls are laid out on subfloor first
• Raise exterior walls
• Raise interior walls
• Install cap plates and/or plates
• Plumb and Line exterior walls
• Temporary bracing

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Laying out the Walls

• Make sure the sub floor is square
• Check the diagonal measurements
• Snap chalk lines for outside walls
• Mark 5 1/2 from the outside edge of the
  sub-floor.
• Snap chalk lines for interior walls
• Mark both sides of the 3 1/2 wall
• Label wall section s on floor

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Wall Assembly- Nailing

• Plates to floor 2-16d every Joist
• Plates to studs 2-16d every stud
• Stud to stud (corners/sills/jacks) 2-16d every
  3
• Top plate to cap plate 2-16d every stud
• Sheathing-studs 8d nails 6 on edges/8 in the
  field

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Pre-Fabricated Walls

• Since 2005, HFHSTL has been using pre-fabricated
  walls
• Tech School Involvement for 2009
• Follow the layout plan exactly
• Move walls carefully
• Make connections secure

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Standing Walls

• Locate wall
• Glue
• Check Chalk line on floor
• Raise wall
• Nail bottom plate-subfloor
• Plumb ends
• Nail corners and partitions

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Temporary Bracing

• Bracing options
• Cleat w/ diagonal
• A-Brace
• Pre-attached Pivot Brace
• Have materials handy prior to raising
• Use 10-20 people to raise walls
• Plumb ends and brace
• Bracing every 8

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Raising the Wall
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Bottom plate-subfloor
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Remove Toe-Nails
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Wall Straightening
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Interior Walls
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Cap Plates- Connecting Walls

• Installed in shop this year
• Metal connectors on site
• Top plates must be tight
• No gaps

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Cap Plate
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Cap Plates
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Porch Beam
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Installing Blue Board

• Can be done during framing
• 2 Foam this year
• Special nails
• Joint tape/caulking
• Lath applied after for siding

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Installing Blue Board
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Wall Framing Notes

• Basement walls stick built
• All partition ladders installed in shop
• Kitchen, Bath, Stair blocking installed in shop
• Basement stair landings consist of 2 steps and
  built in shop
• Half wall around stairwell built in shop

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Framing Walls Review

• Partsstuds/plates/headers/sheathing
• Panelized wall installation
• Safety concerns
• Questions?

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Framing Roofs

• Purpose form the roof structure
• 1-2 days
• 10-15 volunteers

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Roof Framing - Overview

• Safety
• Trusses
• Gutter board
• Sheathing

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Roof Framing Safety

• Heights heavy swinging objects DANGER
• Volunteers must work w/in comfort level
• Hard hats
• Bracing

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Whats a Truss?

• Forms structure of roof frame
• Generally 2 X 4 chords connected w/metal truss
  plates
• Pre-manufactured
• Varying shapes/pitches
• Sit on top of walls

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Roof Framing Procedural Overview

• Layout on plates
• Build gable ends on ground
• Using crane, raise trusses and fasten
• Bracing
• Prepare tails and install gutter board
• Sheathing

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Layout Trusses

• Predecessors Cap plate, plumb and line
• Layout locations on cap plates
• Spacing 24 O.C.
• Accuracy
• Volunteers can assist but not exactly lead this
  task

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Trusses
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Securing Trusses

• Level plane essential
• Nail into top plates
• 2 toenails on one side
• 1 toenail on the other side
• Truss clips
• Install Mytek braces or 2x4 bracing material as
  trusses are installed
• Diagonal bracing for lateral strength

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Securing Trusses
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Securing trusses

• Metal straps are for spacing
• Diagonal bracing required overnight
• Strongback adds ceiling strength

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Gable End Trusses

• Distinct from common trusses
• Integrated studs
• Blue board/soffit installed on ground

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Outlookers

• Creates rake overhang
• Dangerous cuts
• Preferable to a ladder
• Spaced every 4
• Support a 2 X 8 fascia

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Gables
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Porch Trusses
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Cutting rafter tails
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Gutter Board

• Predecessor all roof trusses set
• Gutter board beveled _at_ roof pitch
• 2 X 6 on eave/ 2 X 8 on rake
• Sub - fascia

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Gutter Board
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Roof Sheathing

• Chalk line for first row
• Offset seams of sheathing
• Truss clips add strength
• Nail sheathing 8 in field and 6 on edges.
• 2 gap for ridge vent
• All edges must be flush

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Roof Sheathing
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Sheathing
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Sheathing
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Sheathing
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Bird Boxes

• Create finished end to roof corners
• Custom to roof pitch
• Highly skilled
• Must be completed before exterior finish (fascia,
  etc.)
• Only requires 2 pieces!

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Boxing Returns
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Roof Framing Review

• Safety
• Trusses
• Gutter Board
• Sheathing
• Questions?

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Resources

• www.habitatstl.org
• Larry Haun, Habitat For Humanity How To Build A
  House
• Fine Homebuilding Magazine
• Field Days