1960s

1
1960s

• By James, Paul, and Helen

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• World Events

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Amazing Facts of the 60s

• Population 177,830,000
• Unemployment 3,852,000
• National Debt 286.3 Billion
• Average Salary 4,743
• Teacher's Salary 5,174
• Minimum Wage 1.00
• Life Expectancy Males 66.6 years, Females
  73.1 years
• Auto deaths 21.3 per 100,000
• An estimated 850,000 "war baby" freshmen enter
  college emergency
• living quarters are set up in dorm lounges,
  hotels and trailer camps.

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Important Historic and Cultural Events

• U.S. Postal rates go up to five cents for the
  first ounce.
• ATT introduces touch-tone telephones.
• There are 2.5 million federal employees in 1963,
  twice the number there were in 1940. Not
  surprisingly, there are now 50 million people
  paying income taxes there were only 4 million in
  1940. See the connection?
• "The Feminine Mystique" by Betty Friedan marks
  the beginning of the feminist movemen
• Dr. Michael DeBakey uses an artificial heart to
  take over the functions of the heart during
  surgery.
• During a visit to West Berlin in June, President
  Kennedy warms his audience with the words, "Ich
  bin ein Berliner."
• June Pope John XXIII dies he is succeeded by
  Pope Paul VI.
• The Supreme Court rules that reading verses from
  the Bible in public schools is unconstitutional.
• The Yankees are in the World Series once again
  but this year they lose to the Dodgers in four
  straight.
• The USS Thresher, a nuclear powered submarine,
  sinks off the coast of Cape Cod, killing all 129
  onboard.
• President Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas two
  days later, his accused killer, Lee Harvey
  Oswald, is shot and killed by Jack Ruby.
• New York renames its Idlewild airport in memory
  of the assassinated president.
• The Academy award for Best Picture goes to "Tom
  Jones."

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1960

• February 13 France detonates its first Atomic
  device becoming the fourth nation with atomic
  power.

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1960 (cont.)

• March 30 Sharpeville Massacre in South Africa
  50 killed during Apartheid protest
• April 21 Super-modern looking Brasilia becomes
  the capital of Brazil
• May 23 Adolph Eichmann captured in Argentina by
  Israeli agents. Later he is convicted and then
  hung on May 31, 1962.

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1960 (cont.)

• July 21 Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike becomes the
  first woman premier of a modern parliamentary
  nation Ceylon.
• September 9 Representatives of Iran, Iraq,
  Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela vote to
  establish the Organization of Petroleum-Exporting
  Countries (OPEC),

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1961

• March Soviet Union places a spacecraft carrying
  a dog in orbit around the Earth
• April 12 Soviet Union puts first man in space.
  His name was Yuri Gagarin
• April 25 Bay of Pigs landing in Cuba fails.
  Helps to solidify Castros power.

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1961

• August 31 Berlin Wall constructed to keep East
  German citizens inside their own city.
• December 22 James Davis became the first US
  soldier killed in Vietnam

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1962

• March 7 The British Royal College of Physicians
  concludes that cigarette smoking is a cause of
  lung cancer.
• July 3 After years of bitter fighting France
  ends 132 years of colonial rule over Algeria.
• October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis

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1962 cont.

• October 11, 1962 Pope John XXIII convenes
  Vatican II, which will address church adaptations
  to changing conditions.
• 1962 The Earths population is 3.1 billion
  roughly one half of what it is in 2000

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1963

• June 19 Soviets put first woman into space
  Lt. Valentina Tereshkova
• June 30 Paul VI becomes pope
• September 19 A British-French report favors the
  building of a channel tunnel between the two
  countries.

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1964

• October 16 China explodes its first atom bomb
• October 17 Brezhnev becomes the First Secretary
  of the Soviet Unions Communist Party, replacing
  Khrushchev

Ooh la la!

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1965

• May 13 President Johnson has 14,000 troops in
  the Dominican Republic to prevent a communist
  take over
• July 20 British House of Lords approves a ban
  on the death penalty for murder.
• September 28 India and Pakistan begin a minor
  war over Kashmir.
• December 30 Ferdinand Marcos inaugurated the
  Philippine president.

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1966

• January 19 Indira Gandhi selected as Prime
  Minister of India
• May Chairman Mao launches the Cultural
  Revolution

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1967

• March 10 The first confirmed octuplets are born
  in Mexico City.
• June 15 Start of the Six-Day War between Israel
  and several Arab neighbors.

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1967 (cont.)

• December 3 South African surgeon Christiaan
  Barnard performs the first hear transplant
  operation. The patient lives 18 days.

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1968

• Februrary 4 France is awarded extensive oil
  drilling rights in Iraq
• May violent protests erupt throughout France as
  students all over the country protest the
  government of Charles deGaulle. deGaulle will
  call for new elections the Gaullists win in a
  landslide.

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1968 (cont.)

• July 1 sixty-one nations, including the United
  States and Soviet Union, sign a nuclear
  nonproliferation treaty.
• July Direct commercial airline traffic begins
  between the United States and the Soviet Union

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1969

• January The Ninth Chinese Communist Party
  Congress ends the Cultural Revolution.
• January 10 Sweden becomes the first Western
  government to recognize the government of North
  Vietnam.

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1969 (cont.)

• January 24 General Francisco Franco imposes
  martial law in Spain in response to student
  disturbances
• February 3 The Palestine Liberation
  Organization elects Yasser Arafat as chairman.

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1969 (cont.)

• February 15 English doctors complete the first
  in vitro fertilization of human egg cells
• March 2-15 Soviet and Chinese forces clash on the
  Manchurian border, a disputed frontier.
• April 28 French president Charles deGaulle
  resigns following rejection of his constitutional
  plans

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1969 (cont.)

• June 5-17 - Delegates from 75 countries attend
  the World Communist Conference in Moscow
• September 1 Colonel Moamer al Khaddhafi leads a
  coup and military takes over Libya.

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1969 (cont.)

• October 1 The French-British supersonic
  airliner Concorde makes its first supersonic
  flight
• November 11 The United Nations General Assembly
  rejects the admission of communist China for the
  20th time.

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Vietnam War1961-1969
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• December 11, 1961
• First United States troops arrive in South
  Vietnam

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Gulf of Tonkin

• August 2,1964
• The U.S. destroyer Maddox is attacked off North
  Vietnam, in the Tonkin Gulf, by North Vietnamese
  torpedo boats. On August 4 the Maddox and the
  destroyer C Turner Joy are attacked.
• The Tonkin Gulf incident moves the United States
  Congress to authorize President Lyndon Johnson to
  undertake all necessary measures to repel any
  armed attack against forces of the United States
  and to prevent further aggression.

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• February 8 1965 ?
• U.S. aircraft bomb North Vietnam following
  Vietcong attacks on U.S. areas in South Vietnam.
  This begins a pattern of regular U.S. bombing of
  North Vietnam known as Operation Rolling Thunder
  or Operation Flaming Dart.

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• March 8, 1965
• Two battalions of U.S. Marines, 3,500 soldiers,
  land to defend Danang airbase in South Vietnam.
  These are the first combat troops to enter the
  war.
• July 1965
• President Johnson announces that he will
  increase the number of U.S. troops in South
  Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000. He also doubles
  the monthly draft quota from 17,000 to 35,000.

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• October 1965
• Opponents of the war in Vietnam organize
  protests across the United States. Some burn
  draft cards one is arrested for doing so, under
  a new federal law.
• March 1966
• Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara
  announces that 215,000 U.S. troops are now in
  South Vietnam. Some 20,000 more are scheduled to
  join them.

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• March 8, 1966
• Australia triples its forces supporting the
  South Vietnamese to 4,500
• September 23, 1966
• The United States announces that it has been
  using defoliating agents in territory around the
  demilitarized zone between North and South
  Vietnam to deprive North Vietnamese infiltrators
  of protective cover.

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• January 1968
• Former Truman advisor Clark Clifford succeeds
  McNamara as secretary of defense. McNamara had
  alienated President Johnson by questioning the
  administrations escalation of the Vietnam War.

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• January 30-February 29
• The Vietcong launches the Tet offensive against
  South Vietnamese. They atttacked more than 100
  cities and towns in a series of coordinated
  attacks throughout South Vietnam. The Vietcong
  failed to capture any towns or cities and were
  ultimately driven back from most of the positions
  they had gained.
• North Vietnam lost up to 85,000 men.
• The Americans lost about 2,500 men.

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• March 1968-
• President Johnson appears on national television
  to discuss the war. He also announced that I
  shall not seek, and I will not accept, the
  nomination of my party for another term as your
  president.

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• March 16, 1968
• U.S. soldiers massacre 450 men, women, and
  children at the village of My Lai, in South
  Vietnam. The news of this event will surface
  almost two years later. The soldiers insist that
  they were following orders.

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• May 10
• United States and North Vietnamese negotiators
  begin peace talks in Paris, France.
• July 3
• General William C. Westmoreland relinquishes
  command of U.S. forces in Vietnam, after losing
  President Johnsons confidence. Westmoreland is
  succeeded by General Creighton W. Abrams.

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• April 1969
• United States B-52s drop an estimated 3,000 tons
  of bombs, a new record, on Vietcong positions
  near the Cambodian border in South Vietnam.
• August 1969-
• President Nixon announces the withdraw of 25,000
  U.S. troops from South Vietnam
• September 1969
• 35,000 more troops withdrawn.

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• Hair and Fads

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The Fabulous Fads of The 60s

• Go-Go Boots A Foot-First Jump into the Wacky
  World of Mod Footwear
• As skirtlines rose in the 60's, so did the height
  of footwear.
• Fashion was meant to accentuate the leg during
  the 60's,
• and boots were the arrow that pointed the way.
  The shorter
• the skirt, the taller and tighter the boot!
• For most of the 20th century boots had been worn
  only in
• inclement weather were once again being worn for
  fashion.
• The earlier, shorter boots, mainly worn by
  teenagers
• reflected a very space-age look. The lunar white
• boots -which were calf-high - were very
• reminiscent of astronaut boots. They were also
  much
• more comfortable than spike-heeled dress shoes,
  which
• were popular at the time and made dancing for
  long
• periods of time quite easy. Adopted by teen
  dancers,
• and first seen en-masse on afternoon discotheque
  
• television shows, the boots were quickly named
  "go-go
• boots" after the go-go dancers who wore them.

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This Provided A Real Day At The Beach

• One Piece Ocean Wear

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Twiggy in own-range clothes 1967
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The 60s Version of Singing In The Rain

• My version of an umbrella

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Hair By Vidal Sassoon

• The top name in hairdressing during the Sixties
  was undoubtedly Vidal Sassoon whose customers
  included Mary Quant, Jean Shrimpton and Mia
  Farrow who he famously flew to America for, when
  she wanted her hair styled, while she was on set
  making ' the film Rosemary's Baby'. He had worked
  for 'Teazy Weazy' Raymond until 1955 and by the
  time the swinging Sixties arrived he had his own
  salon in Bond Street. Creations of his included
  the 'bob cut', and the 'five point geometric
  cut.

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Kennedy with Cuban Exiles

• United States President John F. Kennedy
  meets with Cuban exile leaders Jose San Romàn,
  Manuel Artime, and Colonel Eneido Oliva in Palm
  Beach, Florida, in December 1962. The failure of
  the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961 seriously
  embarrassed the Kennedy administration, which was
  blamed by some for not giving it adequate
  support, while others criticized Kennedy for
  allowing it to take place at all.

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Space Race

• Mercury Spacesuit- John Glenn, Friendship 7
• This spacesuit was worn by John Glenn during the
  first orbital flight of a U.S. astronaut. The
  flight took place on February 20, 1962 and lasted
  for 4 hours and 55 minutes, during which time he
  traveled 75,679 miles and orbited the earth three
  times.
• The spacesuit was developed by the B.F. Goodrich
  Company from the U.S. Navy MK-IV full pressure
  suit, and was selected by NASA in 1959 for use in
  Project Mercury.

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• Entertainment

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What was happening
in the 1960s?
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One of the biggest nights in music

• February 9, 1964, the newest musical
  fascination in Britain, the Beatles, are
  introduced by Ed Sullivan. The Beatles never
  looked back.
• It has been estimated that 74 million people
  were watching the Ed Sullivan Show that night
  (3 times the amount of people who watch
  Survivor today). This night was recently
  ranked 1 on VH1s Top Rock Moments on TV.

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Other Popular Musical Acts

• Bob Dylan
• Jimi Hendrix

• Debut album released in 1962 that consisted of
  many folk and blues songs covers. He released a
  second album of all original songs entitled The
  Freewheelin Bob Dylan. He grew to be a hero to
  folk music lovers across the country. However,
  in 1965, Dylan recorded an electric guitar-backed
  album and performance that was met by boos and
  groans from his fans and the crowd. Dylans
  Like a Rolling Stone broke the traditional time
  for a pop song (3 minutes) at 6 minutes total and
  was the number 2 song in the country.
• Electric guitar pioneer and performer
  extraordinaire, Hendrix had a brief four year
  superstar reign before his death in 1970. He was
  responsible for turning many peoples ears with
  his innovative guitar riffs and ability to sing
  the blues. His popular hits consist of Purple
  Haze, Foxy Lady, Hey Joe, and a cover of Bob
  Dylans All Along the Watchtower.

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Other Popular Musical Acts

• Simon Garfunkle

• This duo was the most successful folk rock group
  of the 1960s. The group was hailed for their
  harmonic singing and acoustic and electric guitar
  work. Their first number one song was Sounds of
  Silence in 1966. Another popular song
  recognized today by many people who were not even
  alive in that time period was Mrs. Robinson.
  This song, along with many other Simon
  Garfunkle songs, was featured in one of the
  1960s best films, The Graduate.

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Three Days of Peace, Love, and Music
Woodstock - 1969
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Performances

• Woodstock was a 3 day, 2 night music festival
  featuring performances from the following rock
  stars of that time period
• Joan Baez The Band Blood, Sweat, and
  Tears
• Canned Heat Joe Cocker The Paul
  Butterfield Blues Band
• Arlo Guthrie Grateful Dead Country Joe and
  the Fish
• Tim Hardin Keef Hartly Creedence Clearwater
  Revival
• Richie Havens Jimi Hendrix Crosby, Stills,
  Nash, and Young
• Janis Joplin Quill Incredible String Band
  
• Santana Ravi Shankar Jefferson Airplane
• John Sebastian Sha Na Na Melanie Mountain
• Bert Sommer Sweetwater Ten Years After
• The Who Johnny Winter Sly and the Family
  Stone

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At the Drive In
1960 Psycho starring Janet Leigh and Anthony
Perkins 1961 The Absent Minded Professor
starring Fred MacMurray 1961 101 Dalmations
a full length cartoon from Disney based on a
classic childrens tale 1962 Dr No starring
Sean Connery as the still active James Bond 1963
From Russia with Love starring Sean Connery
in the 2nd Bond film 1964 Mary Poppins
starring Julie Andrews in a Disney movie about a
magical nanny that combined live action and
cartoon action 1965 The Sound of Music
starring Julie Andrews and won 5 Oscars,
including Best Picture and Director 1966
Batman starring the original Batman Adam West
in the first movie of the popular series
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At the Drive In
1967 Bonnie and Clyde starring Faye Dunaway
and Warren Beatty 1967 The Producers
starring Zero Mostel and Gene Wilder 1967 You
Only Live Twice starring Sean Connery is the
5th Bond film in 5 years 1967 The Jungle Book
animated classic from Disney about a boy raised
by animals in the jungle 1967 Planet of the
Apes starring Charlton Heston was the leading
sci-fi movie of the era 1968 Yellow
Submarine an animated movie featuring the
Beatles versus the Blue Meanies to the tunes of
albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, and Sgt.
Pepper 1968 Chitty Chitty Bang Bang starring
Dick Van Dyke and car that can fly and float
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Jacuzzi
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Or Television?
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The Tonight Show began the 1960s with Jack
Paar as its host and was known as The Jack Paar
Tonight Show. The show ended in 1962 as Johnny
Carson became the new host of The Tonight Show.
The show was filmed earlier in the day before it
would air at night. The show began playing at
1115 p.m. with a
15 minute monologue. This segments time was
eventually handed over to Ed McMahon and Skitch
Henderson in February 1965. On January 2, 1967,
the shows opening time slot from 1115-1130 was
dropped and began the 90 minute format to the
show. The show had several comedic bits that
ranged from original pre-taped skits to live
action bits to spoofs of commercials, movies,
news stories, and other television shows. Johnny
Carson retired in the 1990s, being replaced with
Jay Leno, after 30 years of hosting the late
night success.
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(No Transcript)
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