Liquid Live Micro Organisms LLMO

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Liquid Live Micro Organisms (LLMO)

• A Live Bacterial Treatment for Water Management

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Methods of Managing Lakes

• Use of herbicides to manage weed problems
• Nutrient reduction to starve weeds and/or improve
  water quality
• Mechanical methods
• Biological methods
• Combination of methods

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Herbicide Use

• The best solution when water quality is not a
  consideration or cannot be changed
• Copper Sulfate causes damage to snails, mollusks
  and bacteria
• Can achieve a fast, wide range of results

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Nutrient Reduction

• Should be the goal of all lake managers
• Eutrophication (richness) is the term used by
  lake managers to categorize lake water quality
• Four eutrophic states are usually recognized

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Oligotrophic

• Chl ug/l lt.95 - 2.6 FL mean 23
• SD m gt 8 - 4 FL mean 1.9
• TP ug/l lt6 -12 FL mean 37
• Characterized by
• Clear water
• Salmonid fisheries where appropriate
• Adequate oxygen

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Mesotrophic

• Chl ug.l 2.6 - 7.3 FL mean 23
• SD 4 - 2 FL mean 1.9
• TP ug/l 12 - 24 FL mean 37
• Characterized by
• Water moderately clear
• Loss of salmonids where applicable
• Walleye fishing where possible
• Fe, Mn, odor and taste problems worsen
• O2 problems may occur in the summer

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Eutrophic

• Chl ug/l 7.3 - 56 FL mean 23
• SD m 2 - .5 FL mean 1.9
• TP ug/l 24 - 96 FL mean 37
• Characterized by
• Blue- green algae
• Macrophyte problems
• Odor - taste problems
• Oxygen problems, possible fish kills
• Aesthetic problems discourage swimming

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Hypereutrophic

• Chl ug/l 56 - gt155 FL mean 23
• SD m .5 - lt.25 FL mean 1.9
• TP ug/l 96 - 384 FL mean 37
• Characterized by
• Dense algae
• Light limited productivity
• Rough fish dominate
• Oxygen problems, summer fish kills possible

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Lake Life-Span

• Varies with nutrient input
• Land use greatly affects nutrient input
• runoff through storm systems
• effluent - septic systems
• agriculture runoff
• deforestation
• industry
• artificial fertilizers

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Nutrient Loading

• Consider budget for lakes nutrient input-output
• Have lake P, N and Chl analyzed
• Usually P is the limiting factor for growth
• Use trophic state to evaluate lakes
• Trophic state index (TSI) available
• Several methods of decreasing nutrients available

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Nutrient (P) Reduction By

• Calcium Carbonate at pH gt9
• Other calcium compounds (Ca(NO3)) (Ca(OH)2)
• Aluminum Sulfate (Alum) at pH 6-8
• (1-800-642-4200 application handbook)
• Aluminum Chloride
• Aluminum Chlorohydrate
• Ferric Chloride
• Ferrous Sulfate Monohydrate
• PolyClay
• LLMO
• Aeration

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When Not to Use LLMO

• If the lake is very shallow (lt.5 m)
• If the lake has poor oxygenation (some of the
  bacteria in LLMO need oxygen)
• In moving water
• If immediate results are needed
• If this is expected to control all lake problems

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How to use LLMO

• In conjunction with herbicides and dyes as needed
  but not with copper products
• If alum or calcium is needed for fast removal of
  phosphate, use LLMO 2-3 weeks after treatments
  for continued nutrient removal
• Best to start early spring before lakes become
  unsightly

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LLMO

• Increases applicator safety
• Improves water quality - reduces N P
• Improves wildlife habitat
• Reduces odor from lakes and ponds

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LLMO

• Increases water clarity
• Decomposes sludge (bottom sediments)
• Increases dissolved oxygen
• Reduces chance of fish kills

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LLMO

• All bacteria in LLMO is considered safe (Class 1
  by American Type Culture Collection) in schools
  and classrooms
• Enhances public awareness programs
• Cannot possibly be detrimental to turf with
  irrigation
• Reduces BOD in water bodies

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Why The Need For LLMO

• Increased use of fertilizers
• Reduction of filtering marshes
• Increased use of copper algaecides inhibiting
  positive values of beneficial bacteria
• Greater amount of (Non Point Source) pollution
• Copper products kill organisms at the lower end
  of food chain

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Compared To Other Bacteria Products

• Live bacteria are killed in the freeze-drying
  process of other brands, leaving only the dormant
  reproductive spores
• Live-cultured LLMO are active, live cultures,
  thus more cost effective

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Compared To Other Bacteria Products

• Much higher cell count per gallon (about 700
  billion) for LLMO
• Tank growth system for nitrifiers are very
  important because of the slow growth rate of the
  nitrifiers
• LLMO has been manufactured for environmental
  purposes since 1974

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Bacterial Augmentation

• Bacteria utilize nutrient in the water
• Bacteria convert carbon compounds (sludge) to CO2
• Denitrification occurs under anaerobic conditions
  (NO3 to NO2 to N2)
• Nitrification occurs under aerobic conditions
  (NH3 to NO2 to NO3)

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Bacterial Augmentation

• LLMO bacteria which consume phosphate are
  utilized by protozoa then the protozoa are
  ultimately utilized by fish
• Phosphates also can be permanently precipitated
  or are chelated to bottom sediments

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Growing LLMO
Nutrients
Bacteria
Heater
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Heat
Air
Aerator
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Bacteria in LLMO

• NH3 to NO2 by Nitrosomonas
• NO2 to NO3 by Nitrobacter
• both are soil bacteria both are required for
  nitrification and both need aerobic conditions
• Aerobacter aerogens
• aerobic
• oxidizes carbohydrates C(H2O) (sugars, starches
  and celluloses) and short organic acid chains to
  CO2 and H2O
• when O2 is limited it ferments carbohydrates
  which become food for Pseudomonas sp.

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Bacteria in LLMO

• Bacillus subtillus, B. licheniformis
• B. amyloliquefaciens
• oxidizes carbohydrates, organic acids, fats,
  oils, proteins and starches
• active in the soil its enzymes degrade organic
  material
• denitrifying bacteria (NO3 to NO2 to N2)
• Cellulomonas biazotea
• converts cellulose to soluble carbohydrates which
  serve for growth of C. biazotea and other
  bacteria
• Pseudomonas denitificans and P. stutzsri
• reduces nitrate nitrogen under anaerobic
  conditions
• oxidizes and degrades organic compounds

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Primary Uses

• Littoral zones, lakes, sewage, septic tanks,
  leach fields, drains, sludge removal, odor
  control, aquaculture, lake restoration and more
• Golf courses concerned with environmental, water
  quality and turf issues

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Requirements

• Tank, electrical power (110 volt) to grow
  bacteria and a simple distribution method
• Lake treatments every 14 days throughout most of
  the year
• Can not be used with copper algaecide products