MAMMARY IMMUNE SYSTEM Lactation Biology Animal Science 337

1
MAMMARY IMMUNE SYSTEM Lactation BiologyAnimal
Science 337

• Leo Timms
• Iowa State University

2
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYOF THE UDDER
3
Mammary Defense Mechanisms
Teat placement
skin
Teat Shape
heritable
4


heritable
5
The Mammary Gland
Keratin epithelial cells, fatty acids cationic
proteins
Streak Canal
6
The Mammary Gland
Leukocyte Influx to Teat Cistern
Furstenburgs Rosette
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10

• MAMMARY GLAND IMMUNE SYSTEM
• Depends on mammary gland status
• Lactating vs. Dry (involuted)
• Normal (uninfected) vs. inflamed

11

• NORMAL LACTATING GLAND (milk)
• Cellular
• lt 100,000 cells/ml (WBC or SCC)
• M? 60-80
• PMN 10-30
• Lymphocytes 10 (T and B)
• (some local Ig synthesis)
• Humoral
• Low levels of Ig, complement, lactoferrin

12

• INFECTED LACTATING GLAND (milk)
• Cellular
• gt 200,000 cells/ml (WBC or SCC)
• M? 10 - 40
• PMN 50 - 90
• Lymphocytes 10 (T and B)
• (some local Ig synthesis)
• Humoral
• Higher levels of Ig, complement, lactoferrin

13
NORMAL DRY GLAND Cellular
Day in dry period . 50 d dry
1 23 10 10-25 25-45 45-50 cells/ml lt
5 X 105 gt106 gt106 gt106 Cell type M?
PMN PMN/ M? Lym/ M? M? Humoral
Lactoferrin high
Complement low Ig increase
through dry period
(colostrum)

• DILUTION?

• SUSCEPTIBILITY?

14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
Natural Teat Sealing
20
Open teats observed using the same method in NZ
and Canada
21
Results
Quarter Closure Variable between herds
22
Results
Hazard Ratio 0.56 P lt 0.01
23
gt 20 of heifer teats are open prior to calving!!!
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26

• s or levels dont tell whole story
• Poor Ig transport across
• blood-milk membrane
• selective colostrum (specific!)
• Non specific leakage
• (not specific for Ag)
• Immunize IM, IP, IMM
• (local vs. systemic Ig)

27

• s or levels dont tell whole story
• Cells in milk poorer than blood
• Lack of energy (glucose)
• Lose 40 of granules
• crossing membrane
• Cells phagocytize fat and protein

28
CAN SCC GET TOO LOW?