Egyptian and Nubian Empires

1
Egyptian and Nubian Empires

• Chapter 4
• Section 1

2
Key Terms

• Hyksos
• New Kingdom
• Hatshepsut
• Thutmose III

• Nubia
• Rames II
• Kush
• Piankhi
• Meroe

3
Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt

• Hyksos-ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 BC
• Hebrews migrate to Egypt
• Abraham came to Canaan 1800 BC
• 1650 BC descendants moved to Egypt

4

• Expulsion and slavery
• 1600 BC Queen Ahhotep
• Kamose- drove out Hyksos and enslaved the Hebrews
• Force into hard labor

5
The New Kingdom of Egypt

• Equipped with bronze weapons and two wheeled
  chariots became conquerors
• Hatshepsut-declared herself pharaoh 1472
• Encouraged trade rather than war
• Trading with Punt (Somalia) were successful

6
Hatshepsuts Prosperous Rule

• Hatshepsut sent out ships in search of myrrh and
  frankincense
• Brought back gold, ivory and unusual plants and
  animal

7
Thutmose the Empire Builder

• Hatshepsuts stepson was warlike
• Might have murdered Hatshepsut
• Invaded Palestine, Syria and Nubia
• Egypt was now a mighty empire
• Egypt had never before- or has since had so much
  power

8
The Egyptians and the Hittites

• 1400 BC conflict with the Hittites
• Hittites moved into Asia Minor in 1900 BC
• Ramses II and Hittite king made a truce
• This was after several battles

9
An Age of Builders

• New Kingdom erected grand buildings
• Search for security in the afterlife
• Built tombs beneath desert cliffs
• Valley of the Kings near Thebes

10
An Age of Builders

• Besides royal tombs they build great temples
• Ramses stood out as a great builder
• Temple of Amon-Rae Egypts chief god
• Carved out of red sandstone
• Abu-Simbel decorated with statues of himself

11
Invasions by Land and Sea

• Sea Peoples might have included Philistines
• Caused great destruction
• Libya invaded through the desert
• Palestine often rebelled

12
Egypts Empire Fades

• Empire breaks apart
• Libyan pharaohs ruled Egypt
• Adopted the Egyptian way of life
• When Nubians came north to seize power they also
  adopted Egyptian culture

13
Kushites Conquer the Nile Region

• 2000-1000BC Kush under Egyptian control
• Kush as regional power
• Nubia established Kushite empire in Egypt

14
The People of Nubia

• Below first cataract
• Boats had to be carried
• North/south trade routes
• Ideas and goods flowed
• Kerma first Nubian Kingdom 2000 BC

15
The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia

• New Kingdom
• Egyptian rule on Kush
• Governors, priests, soldiers, artists influenced
• Napata became center of Egyptian culture
• Hieroglyphics
• Guarded Egyptian culture

16
Kushites Conquer the Nile Region

• Piankhi captures Egyptian throne
• 751 BC
• Egypts 25 dynasty
• Assyrians conquer Egypt
• Kushites would continue after loss of Egypt

17
Golden Age of Meroe

• Became the capital
• Closer to red sea
• Trade with Africa, Arabia, and India
• Natural resources
• Significant rainfall
• Iron ore
• Made weapons and tools

18
The Golden Age of Meroe

• Goods transported to the red sea
• Exchanged for jewelry, cotton cloth, silver
  lamps, glass
• Mineral wealth came out
• Luxury goods flowed in

19
Decline of Meroe

• 250-150 BC declines
• Askum started to dominate trade
• Askum defeated Meroe 350 AD