Pharmacology Application in Athletic Training

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Pharmacology Application in Athletic Training

• Michelle Odai, MS, LAT, ATC, CSCS
• Florida International University

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Chapter 1 Historical and Legal Issues
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History of Drugs and Pharmacy

• The origins of drugs and medicine can be traced
  back to ancient civilizations
• 2100 BC physicians and priests recorded
  references to drug therapy on clay tablets
• Timeline history of the development of pharmacy
  pg 5

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Legal Foundations

• Early 20th century no laws existed to control
  the sale of medications, the purity of drug
  preparations, or the efficacy of medical devices
• 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act
• 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
• 1952 Durham-Humphrey Amendment
• 1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendment

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• 1970 Poison Prevention Packaging Act
• 1984 Anti-Tampering Act
• 1970 Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and
  Control Act
• Scheduled Drugs

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United States Food and Drug Administration

• Created in 1938 to protect publics health by
  ensuring safety, efficacy, and monitoring of
  products
• Regulates drug manufacturing and labeling
  processes monitor adverse reactions
• Approval process takes _at_ 12 years
• Fast-track approval

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Over-the-Counter Products

• FDA must approve ingredients and label
  information
• Name of product
• Name and address of manufacturer
• List of active and inactive ingredients
• Quantity of contents
• Name of any habit-forming components
• Warnings and precautions for the user
• Adequate directions for use

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Naming of a Drug

• Typically identified by
• Chemical name
• Generic name, or
• Brand name

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Generic and Brand Name Drug Ingredients

• Must have same active ingredients and must be
  identical in strength and dosage form
• Brand-name drugs patented for 17 years
• FDA recommends and all states allow pharmacists
  to dispense generic equivalent of brand-name drug

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Medical Abbreviations

• Used to denote frequency, amount, and weight
• Table 1-3, pg 10

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Drug InformationPharmacists

• Trained in defining, monitoring, and modifying
  drug treatment
• Understand use, doses, drug and food
  interactions, contraindications, and other
  aspects of drug agents
• PharmD 6 yrs, national certification exam
• State licensure
• Various settings

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Drug InformationPoison Control Centers

• 50 states, 24/7, free
• Assess and treat poisonings and poison prevention
• All calls concerning humans and animals
• Insect, snake bites, ingestion of substances,
  identification of drug tablets and capsules,
  hazardous material spills
• Employ nurses, pharmacists, physicians

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• PCS should be called if someone has ingested,
  touched, or been bitten by something you think is
  poisonous or toxic
• Caller should provide as much information as
  possible
• National hotline, directory assistance

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Drug InformationReference Books

• Physicians Desk Reference (PDR)
• Produced by pharmaceutical industry and provides
  detailed descriptions of drugs
• Photos of 1000 drug products to assist in
  identification
• Updated annually, easily accessible

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Pharmacy in Athletic Training

• State and federal laws that govern controlled
  substances
• AT should be aware of laws that pertain to them
• All controlled substances found in ATR must have
  complete and accurate written inventory
• Team physician is ultimately responsible for
  dispensing controlled substances

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To avoid legal liability the ATC must document
information about each drug administered

• Name of athlete/patient
• Sport
• Age
• Name of drug
• Dose given
• Quantity prescribed

• Indication
• Manufacturer
• Lot number
• Drug expiration date
• Name of person dispensing drug
• Date drug is given

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• Single-dose packages
• Assisting athlete with drug administration
  process
• All meds should be kept in locked offices and/or
  storage cabinets
• Failure to follow guidelines can predispose
  athletic trainers to undue legal liability

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Important Information

• Implications for Athletic Trainers (pg 13)
• What to Tell the Athlete (pg 13)