Veterinary Science

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Veterinary Science

• Safety Sanitation

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Why is the knowledge of safety sanitation
important in veterinary medicine?

• Potentially hazardous situations working with
  animals
• Hazardous chemicals, animal wastes x-rays

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OSHA

• Occupational Health and Safety Administration
  (OSHA)
• Regulates monitors employee safety in the work
  place
• Developed guidelines Hazard Communication
  Standard (HCS)
• Right to know
• MSDS

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MSDSMaterial Safety Data Sheet

• Includes 8 sections
• Manufacturer Information
• Hazard Ingredients/ Identity Information
• Physical/ Chemical Characteristics
• Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
• Reactivity Data
• Health Hazard Data
• Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
• Control Measures

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MSDSMaterial Safety Data Sheet

• Manufacturers must provide one for every chemical
• Employers must provide training
• Hazards of specific chemicals
• Use of protective clothing
• How to use MSDS

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Physical Hazards

• Most common type of injury in vet hospital
• Animal injuries bites, kicking, scratches
• Back injuries improperly lifting heavy objects
  or animals
• Falls on wet floors
• Exposure to x-rays
• Wear proper clothing footwear, learn animal
  behavior, handling restraint techniques.

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Chemical Hazards

• Drugs
• Cleaning agents
• Insecticides
• Anesthetic gases
• Many are used routinely
• Can cause damage to skin, eyes, lungs
• Some may cause abortions and/or fetal
  abnormalities

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Biological hazards

• Living tissue and organisms
• Blood
• Urine
• Live vaccines
• Medical waste that has had contact with living
  tissue (urine soaked blankets, bandage material,
  etc.)
• Needles and scalpels Sharps

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Biological hazards

• Medical wastes must be sterilized, incinerated,
  or chemically disinfected before they are
  disposed of.
• Gloves protective clothing should be worn when
  handling biohazards

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Zoonotic hazards

• Any disease that can be passed from animals to
  humans
• Viruses, bacteria, parasites fungi can cause
  zoonotic diseases

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Zoonotic hazards

• Viruses
• Rabies (Hydrophobia)
• Sleeping Sickness (Encephalitis)
• Bacteria
• Cat Scratch Fever
• Leptospirosis
• Salmonellosis
• Brucellosis
• Anthrax
• Tuberculosis

• Parasites
• Sarcoptic mange
• Toxoplasmosis
• Visceral Larva Migrans (Toxocariasis)
• Creeping Eruption (Ancylostomiasis)
• Fungus
• Ringworm

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Preventing spread of diseases

• Vaccinate animals humans
• Proper waste disposal
• Isolate infected animals
• Proper handling of infected animals
• Proper sanitation of hospital
• Hand washing
• Wearing protective clothing

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Safety signs equipment
Radioactive
Danger
Biohazard
Wet Floor
Dosimeter
Lead Gloves
Lead Apron
Back Brace
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Drug Use and safety

• 1970 Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention
  Control Act
• Title II Controlled Substances Act
• Regulate the manufacture distribution of drugs
• Must keep drugs in a locked container that only
  approved people have access to
• Daily Log

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Drug Schedules

• Schedule I no medical use high abuse
• Heroin, Methaqualone, LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin,
  Marijuana, Hashish, Hash Oil, amphetamine
  variants.
• Schedule II accepted medical use high abuse
• Dilaudid, Demerol, Methadone, Cocaine, PCP,
  Morphine, and cannabis, amphetamine and
  barbiturate types.
• Schedule III accepted medical use medium abuse
• Opium, Vicodan, Tylenol w/codine, and narcotic,
  amphetamine and barbiturate types.
• Schedule IV accepted medical use low abuse
• Darvocet, Xanax, Valium, Halcyon, Ambien, Ativan,
  barbiturate types.
• Schedule V accepted medical use very low abuse
• Lomotil, Phenergan, liquid suspensions.

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Types of Sanitation

• Sanitation-process of keeping something free of
  any elements that would endanger health.
• Cleaning physically removing all visible signs
  of dirt and organic matter such as feces, blood,
  hair, etc.
• Disinfecting destroying most microorganisms on
  nonliving things by physical or chemical means

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Types of Sanitation

• Sterilizing destroying ALL microorganisms and
  viruses on an object using chemicals and/or heat
  under pressure
• Antiseptics solutions that destroy
  microorganisms or inhibit their growth on living
  tissue

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Commonly Used chemicals

• Alcohols ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol,
  ethanol
• Aldehydes gluteraldehyde, formaldehyde
• Chlorine bleach
• Iodine and Iodophors Betadine, iodine
• Quaternary ammonias Centrimide, Quatsyl-D

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Alcohol

• Effective against gram positive gram negative
  bacteria
• Irritating to tissues

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ALdehydes

• Effective against gram positive negative
  bacteria, fungi most viruses
• Irritating toxic to tissues

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Chlorine

• Effective against gram positive negative
  bacteria, fungi most viruses
• Irritating toxic to tissues
• Cheapest, most effective chemical disinfectant

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Iodine Iodophors

• Effective against gram positive negative
  bacteria fungi
• Stains irritates tissues

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Quaternary Ammonias

• Effective against gram positive negative
  bacteria, some fungi some viruses
• Deodorizes

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Methods of Sanitation

• Physical cleaning using a chemical with a mop
  or sponge
• Cold sterilization soaking items in a
  disinfectant chemical until they are used
• Dry heat incinerating an object or exposing it
  to flame
• Radiation using ultraviolet or gamma rays,
  expensive dangerous

• Filtration removing particles from the air
  using a physical barrier
• Ultrasound passing high frequency sound waves
  through a solution to create a vibration that
  scrubs an object to remove debris
• Autoclave a sealed chamber in which objects are
  exposed to heat and steam under pressure