Stages of Life

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Stages of Life

• Pregnancy and Birth
• Growing and Changing

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Pregnancy and Birth

• When the sperm from a man and the ovum from a
  woman join together, genes from the mother and
  the father combine.
• This process is called fertilization

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A New Beginning

• The genes carried by the ovum and sperm combine
  to form a complete set of human genes. These
  genes will guide the development of the new
  human.
• This ball of cells enters the uterus and attaches
  to the uterine wall. This attachment of the
  developing cells to the uterus is called
  implantation.

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• Pregnancy is the time when a fertilized egg grows
  and develops into a baby in the womans uterus.
• From the time that the ovum and the sperm unite
  until the end of the eighth week, the developing
  human is called an embryo
• From the eighth week until birth, the developing
  human is called a fetus.

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Changes in the mothers body

• As soon as implantation happens, the cells of the
  mothers uterus release a special hormone.
• Because this hormone is only released during
  pregnancy, doctors test for this hormone to
  determine whether a woman is pregnant.

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• Some of the hormones produced by a pregnant
  womans body may make her feel nauseated.
• This response is called morning sickness and
  usually lasts for about 3 months.
• The same hormones make the womans breasts
  enlarge and prepare to produce milk.

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Nourishing the fetus

• Almost everything that goes into the mothers
  body enters her bloodstream and goes to the
  placenta.
• The placenta is an organ that grows in the
  womans uterus during pregnancy and allows
  nutrients, gases, and wastes to be exchanged
  between mother and the fetus.

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• During pregnancy, the fetus gets its only
  nutrition from the food its mother eats. To
  ensure the health of the fetus, the mother needs
  to eat healthy foods and take special vitamins.
• A mother can hurt her fetuss health by taking
  drugs, drinking alcohol, or smoking.

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The First Trimester

• A human pregnancy normally last 38 weeks, or
  about 9 months. Doctors divide that nine months
  into three 3-month periods called trimesters
• The first trimester is the first 3 months, or 12
  weeks, of a pregnancy.
• At the beginning of this trimester, the
  fertilized ovum is only one cell and stays in the
  mothers fallopian tube for about 3 days.

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• By the end of that 3 days, that one cells has
  grown to about 12 cells. The embryo then enters
  the uterus.
• By the end of the 4th week
• The heart has formed and has begun to beat.
• The embryo has the beginning of a brain.
• The spinal cord, arms, legs begin to grow.
• The embryo is 10,000 times larger

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• By the sixth week
• The embryos head is very large in comparison
  with the rest of its body.
• Brain waves can be detected.
• By the eighth week
• All of the major organs of the embryos body have
  begun to form.
• At the beginning of the ninth week, the embryo is
  called a fetus.

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The second Trimester

• The second trimester is the fourth through the
  sixth month. Or 13th through the 27th week, of
  pregnancy.
• During the second trimester
• At the start, the fetus is almost 3 inches long,
  by the end, the fetus will be about 3 times that
  in length.
• A mother begins to feel movement.
• A doctor can tell whether the fetus is a boy or a
  girl.
• The fingers and toes grow nails.

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The Third Trimester

• The third trimester is the last 3 months, or 12
  weeks, of pregnancy.
• During this trimester
• The fetus develops more muscle and moves more.
• Fat is deposited under the fetuss skin
• Eyes open and its chest begins to practice
  breathing motions.
• Can hear voices and may even recognize them.
• By the end, the organs have completely
  functioning and the baby is prepared to live
  outside of the mothers uterus.

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Birth

• The passage of a baby from the mothers uterus to
  outside her body is called birth.
• During birth, the uterus contracts many times and
  pushes the baby through the vagina and outside
  the mothers body.
• Labor is the process that lasts from the time
  contractions start until the delivery of the
  child and the placenta.

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There are three distinct stages of labor.

• The first stage
• Begins with the first contraction and last until
  the cervix has opened enough to allow the babys
  head to pass through
• Contractions happen every few minutes and last
  about a minute.
• The second stage
• The cervix is completely open and lasts until the
  baby is delivered.
• During this stage, contractions happen every 2 or
  3 minutes.

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• After the baby is born, the doctor cuts the
  umbilical cord. Healthy babies breathe and cry
  almost immediately.
• The third and final stage of labor is when the
  placenta is delivered.
• At this time, the birth is complete.

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Growing and Changing

• After birth, humans go through several stages of
  development. These stages are infancy, childhood,
  adolescence, and adulthood.
• As we go through these stages, we grow and
  change.

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Childhood Development

• The stage of development between birth and age 1
  is called infancy.
• During infancy
• The baby grows quickly
• They can sit up, crawl, and pull up to a standing
  position
• By the end of the first year, many babies can
  walk and say a few words.

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Childhood

• Childhood is the stage of development between
  infancy and adolescence.
• Childhood is divided into three stages.
• The first stage, early childhood begins at age 1
  and lasts until age 3
• In this stage
• They learn to say several words
• Improve almost all of their physical skills

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• After age 3, middle age childhood, This stage
  lasts until about age 6.
• In this stage
• Begin to ask many questions
• Learn to read
• Make friends
• Play with other children

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• Late childhood lasts about from age 6 until about
  age 11.
• During these years
• They become more coordinated
• They begin to explore skills and interests
• By the end of late childhood, children have many
  of the skills they will need during adolescence.

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Adolescence

• The time in a persons life when they mature from
  a child to an adult is called adolescence.
• Adolescence begins with puberty and lasts until
  the person is physically mature.
• Puberty is the stage of development when the
  reproductive organs mature and the person becomes
  able to reproduce.

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Adulthood

• Adulthood is the stage of life that follows
  adolescence and lasts until the end of life.
• During adulthood
• Begin to establish careers
• May get married and have children
• Responsible for own health and safety
• Pay for own bills, and provide food, shelter, and
  clothing

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Aging

• Growing older, or aging is natural part of
  adulthood. Even during adulthood, peoples bodies
  continue to change.
• As they age, many adults find new ways to be
  fulfilled. Many older adults retire and begin to
  spend more time with their families and friends.

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Death

• Life expectancy is how long people are expected
  to live.
• Everyone eventually dies, death is the end of
  life.
• At death, all of the body functions that are
  necessary for life stop.
• Death has many causes

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Grief

• Dealing with death is always difficult, when
  someone you love dies, you will probably feel
  grief.
• Grief is a deep sadness about a loss.
• Many people go through five stages when dealing
  with the death of someone they love

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1. Denial- the person refuses to accept that the
   loved one is dead
2. Anger- the person is angry that his or her loved
   one has been taken away
3. Bargaining- the person wishes that he or she
   could find a way to get the loved one back
4. Despair- the person is sad that the loved one is
   gone
5. Acceptance- the person accepts that the loved one
   is gone and begins to move on with his or her
   life.