WELCOMES YOU

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WELCOMES YOU
ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY,
BHUBANESWAR
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STRATEGIES TECHNOLOGIES TO BE PROMOTED FOR
EXTENDING SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION IN ORISSA
Dr. M.M. PandaDean of ResearchOrissa University
of Agriculture TechnologyBhubaneswar 751
0039th July, 2010
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ORISSA

• Occupies 4.7 of Indias area
• Inhabitates 3.58 human 4.8 livestock
• 1451 mm annual rainfall
• 10.4 water resources
• 480 km coast length 2400 sq km continental
  shelf
• 10 agroclimatic zones

• Frequent natural calamities (35 times in last 45
  years)
• Rich biodiversity
• 2 out of 22 Agro-biodiversity hot spots (Koraput,
  Mayurbhanj)
• 3 Biosphere Reserves (Bhitarakanika, Semilipal,
  Chilka)
• Congenial climate for cultivation of most of the
  crops

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Land use classification
Area in lakh ha
Geographical area 155.71
Non-Agricultural Use 12.98
Forest 58.13
Permanent Pasture 4.94
Current fallow 5.76
Barren / Unculturable 8.40
Other fallow 2.29
Culturable waste 3.75
Trees / grooves 3.42
Cultivable area 61.80
About 17.86 lakh ha calls for massive investment
for making culturable. To start with about 6 lakh
ha can be taken up for suitable plantation at an
approximate cost of Rs.24,000/ha.
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Cultivated land types in Orissa
Area in lakh ha
About 8 lakh ha of unirrigated high land can be
covered by pulses (greengram, blackgram, arhar),
oilseeds (groundnut, sesame) vegetables by
substituting uplandpaddy.
High 29.14 (47.2 )
Medium 17.55 (28.4 )
Low 15.11 (24.4 )
Total 61.80
A part of the low land (about 10) can be
converted to pond based Integrated Farming System
at an approximate cost of Rs.50,000/ha. About 40
lakh ha needs treatment for soil and water
conservation following the principles of
Integrated Watershed Development

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Problem soils in Orissa
Area in lakh ha
Appropriate soil amelioration is required in
about 44 lakh ha with approximate cost of
Rs.1000/ha.
Soil acidity 40.0
Soil erosion 26.0
Soil salinity 4.0
Water logging 3.0
Inadequate drainage is one of the major
constraints in coastal Orissa which calls for
re-sectioning re-grading of the drainage
channels. Provision of sub surface water
harvesting structures installing micro tube
wells (30-40 deep, 2-3 dia, Pump capacity
limiting to 2 HP) can reduce drainage congestion
and provides sweet water for irrigation. The
cost norm is Rs.4000/ha for surface drainage,
Rs.40,000/ha for subsurface drainage
Rs.15,000/ha for reclamation of waterlogged areas
with bio-drainage (2mx2m).
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Source wise irrigation developed
Area in lakh ha
Source Kharif Rabi Total Potential
Major Medium 12.86 5.64 18.5 39.5
Minor (flow) 5.42 0.74 6.16 9.7
Minor (lift) 4.74 2.70 7.44 8.9
Other Sources 5.66 5.0 10.66 0.9
Total 28.67 14.07 42.76 59.0
Utilized 20.81 10.96 31.77 (74) 31.77 (74)
74 of the potential created is utilized. Overall 37 of the area cropped is irrigated. Rice is the major consumer of irrigation water. 74 of the potential created is utilized. Overall 37 of the area cropped is irrigated. Rice is the major consumer of irrigation water. 74 of the potential created is utilized. Overall 37 of the area cropped is irrigated. Rice is the major consumer of irrigation water. 74 of the potential created is utilized. Overall 37 of the area cropped is irrigated. Rice is the major consumer of irrigation water. 74 of the potential created is utilized. Overall 37 of the area cropped is irrigated. Rice is the major consumer of irrigation water.
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Irrigation facility can be extended to another
16.24 lakh ha for which potentiality exists. The
cost norm is about Rs.2 lakhs/ha. The State
intends to provide irrigation to at least 35 of
the cultivated area in each of the 314
Blocks. There is a need of enhancing irrigation
facility particularly through water harvesting
structures in interior districts. In coastal
districts the untapped ground water potential
(82) can be exploited. Recharging groundwater
also needs attention. Efforts need be made for
enhancing utilization of potential already
created. Enhancement of water productivity
should be the focus.
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Extent of rainfed area
EXTENT NO. OF DIST. DISTRICTS
15-30 6 Bhadrak, Cuttack, Jajpur, Kendrapara, Ganjam, Puri
30-40 2 Sonepur, Jagatsinghpur
40-50 4 Balasore, Malkangiri, Boudh, Khurda
50-60 4 Dhenkanal, Gajapati, Nayagarh, Bargarh
60-70 8 Angul, Kalahandi, Koraput, Keonjhar, Nabarangpur, Sambalpur, Deogarh, Rayagada
gt 70 6 Bolangir, Nuapada, Kandhamal, Jharsuguda, Sundargarh, Mayurbhanj
More than 50 of cultivated area are rainfed
in 60 of the districts
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Watersheds to be treated
Micro watersheds delineated (No.) Micro watersheds treated (No.) Micro watersheds in command area (No.) Micro watersheds to be treated (No.)
20,079 4836 4524 10,757
Source Orissa Watershed Development Mission
Plan wise treatment target (No.)
XI th plan (2009-10 to 2011-12) XII th plan (2012-13 to 2016-17) XIII th plan (2017-18 to 2021-22) XIV th plan (2022-23 to 2026-27)
1680 4470 4396 211
For treating 10,757 left over micro watersheds
(500 ha each), Rs.6454.2 crores will be required
at the existing cost norm of Rs.12,000/ha.
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Market scenario

• Large number of intermediaries reduce share of
  producer in the market.

Commodity Share of producer ()
Rice 62 75
Groundnut 54 73
Turmeric 22 54
Ginger 53 68
Variation in vegetable retail price
Vegetable Price range (Rs./kg)
Brinjal 2.5 17.0
Tomato 1.5 22.0
Radish 1.0 11.0
Cauliflower 2.5 23.0
Beans 4.0 15.4
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Climate is changing

• Delayed monsoon onset (2 weeks)
• Number of rainy days/year decreasing in southern
  Orissa by 5 days
• Prolonged dry spell
• More number of Heavy rainfall days
• Increased flood and drought occurrence
• Early start of summer (February onwards)
• Post-monsoon period (coinciding with rice
  flowering) remains warmer which adversely affects
  yield
• Fluctuating winter temperature
• More intense and prolonged heat wave, even in
  coastal Orissa

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Effect on Agriculture

• Kharif growing period decreased by 2 weeks
• Increasing weather risk for timely operations
• Increased risk of crop submergence
• Increased damage due to dry spell / drought
• Lower fertilizers use efficiency
• Reduced quality of produce (grain discolouration)
• New pests emerging (swarming caterpillar, sheath
  rot)
• Increased salinity in coastal areas

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Research intervention

• Development of new short duration rice varieties
  with resistance to drought.
• Development of flood tolerant rice varieties.
• Simulation crop modeling for optimum weather use.
• Pest scenario prediction due to climate change.
• Devising methods for faster dissemination of
  weather based agro-advisories.
• Developing ways and means for increasing
  fertilizer and water use efficiency.

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Steps to enhance SRR

• Seed village programmes on pulses, oilseeds
  paddy
• Establishment of processing plants within easy
  reach of growers
• Establishment of dehumidified chambers at
  important production centres of groundnut
• Service co-operative societies to be strengthened
  and be given the responsibility of seed
  distribution
• SAUs to be supported to maintain indigenous elite
  germplasm / land races
• Private dealers network to be extended to GP
  level
• Incentives to seed growers for creating healthy
  competition
• Capacity building of seed growers

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FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION

• Fertilizer consumption in the State is low (62
  kg/ha) compared to national average of 128.6
  kg/ha.
• A negative balance of NPK with wide spread
  deficiency of S, B, Mo Zn is exhibited.
• Integrated nutrient management / site specific
  nutrient management is to be promoted in majority
  of the areas so that soil health is maintained.
• Organic agriculture need promotion in areas which
  are organic by default. Organic markets to be
  created for remunerative returns to farmers.
• A less stringent certification procedure be
  developed adopted particularly for the
  domestic markets.

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FARM MECHANIZATION
Orissa India Highest
Power consumption for agriculture 2 30 -
Power consumption (kilowatt/ha) 0.71 1.62 3.56 (Punjab)
Tractors/000 ha 2.5 12.2 82.5 (Punjab)
Power tillers/000 ha 0.3 0.4 2.8 (WB)
Tentative

• The subsidy component on sale of farm implements
  has gone up from Rs.10 lakhs in 1986-87 to Rs.64
  crores in 2009-10.
• Electricity is required to be subsidized for
  agricultural use.
• Drudgery reducing woman friendly farm equipments/
  implements to be developed and popularized.
• Self Help Groups to be trained to take care up
  repair and maintenance of farm equipments at
  village level.

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CROP PRODUCTIVITY (2007-08)
Crop Productivity (kg/ha) Productivity (kg/ha)
Crop ORISSA All INDIA
Rice 1720 2202
Wheat 1482 2802
Maize 2245 2335
Gram 659 762
Arhar 825 826
Pulses 458 625
Groundnut 1705 1459
Sunflower 981 765
Oilseeds 804 1115
Cotton 423 467
Jute Mesta 1172 2101
Sugarcane 70.4 t/ha 69.0 t/ha
Potato 11.1 t/ha 17.8 t/ha
Productivity of groundnut, sunflower, sugarcane
is above the national average. Deficit in
pulses (0.88 lakh t) oilseeds (13.7 lakh t) to
meet domestic requirement
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Research intervention (Rice)

1. Developing suitable varieties agro-techniques
   for handicapped ecologies
2. Improvement of short grain local aromatic rice
   genotypes
3. Standardization of production technologies for
   SRI, aerobic rice hybrid rice
4. Standardization of organic package for Basmati
   rice
5. Integrated pest management popularization of
   use of herbicides bio control agents
6. Development of resource conservation technologies
   (RCT) in rice cultivation
7. Development of technologies on adaptation
   mitigation to combat climate change

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On-farm Trials in Rice (To be supported)

• Evaluation of rice hybrids
• Evaluation of drought tolerant rice varieties
• Evaluation of submergence tolerant varieties
  (Swarna Sub-1)
• Evaluation of short grain aromatic rice varieties
• Evaluation of raised and sunken bed method of
  cropping in canal commands
• Use of herbicides for weed management
• Integrated nutrient management in rice
• Integrated pest management in rice

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Research intervention (Pulses)

1. Development of cold tolerant mung bean (Research
   in progress).
2. Identification of suitable HYVs pulses for
   various seasons agroclimatic condition (To be
   strengthened).
3. Developing package of practices on pyra cropping
   (To be strengthened).
4. Evaluation of low BOAA containing Lathyrus
   varieties (To be supported).
5. Standardizing INM, IPM IDM technologies (To be
   strengthened)
6. Production of Breeder seeds in farmers field (To
   be supported).
7. Evaluation of performance of different irrigated
   pulse crops including Rajmash in rabi (To be
   supported).

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On-farm Trials on Pulses (To be supported)

• Varietal evaluation under different agroclimatic
  situations
• Full package vs. farmers practice
• Evaluation of pulses as intercrops
• INM in pulses
• Zero till drill vs. farmers practice
• Micro irrigation

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Research intervention (Oilseeds)

1. Identification of suitable HYVs and hybrids of
   different oilseed crops for various locations (To
   be strengthened).
2. Standardizing INM, IPM IDM technologies (To be
   strengthened).
3. Production of breeder seeds in farmers field (To
   be supported).
4. Developing varieties tolerant to various biotic
   stresses (To be supported).
5. Developing groundnut varieties having dormancy
   (To be strengthened).
6. Developing groundnut stripper low cost storage
   bin for groundnut (To be supported).

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On farm trials on Oilseeds (To be supported)

• Full package vs. farmers practice
• Evaluation of oilseeds as intercrops
• Mustard as a catch crop in irrigated areas
• Use of paper mill sludge
• Pest disease control
• Micro irrigation
• Planting method in groundnut
• Bee pollination in sunflower mustard

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Research intervention (Maize)

1. Developing quality protein maize and its
   popularization in tribal districts for
   nutritional security.
2. Development of short duration varieties / single
   cross hybrids.
3. Standardization of production technology for
   sweet corn.
4. Maize based intercropping
5. Value addition

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Integrated Farming System

• Our focus is on small and marginal farmers (84)
  majority of whom operate under Complex, Diverse,
  Risk prone situations.
• A rural family having 6 members including two
  children requires approximately Rs.60,000 / annum
  for livelihood security.
• This has to be derived from the income from
  farming and allied enterprises for the small and
  marginal farmers.
• But no single farm enterprise is likely to
  support them for generation of adequate income
  and gainful employment year round. Integrated
  Farming System is the option.

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Research priorities

• Development / identification of suitable
  varieties of crops for different agro ecological
  situations / handicapped ecologies.
• Developing adaptation and mitigation technologies
  to manage climate change.
• Development of Integrated Farming System model
  for small and marginal land holders.
• Amelioration of soil acidity.
• Management of nutritional deficiencies and
  toxicities.
• Integrated nutrient management for major crop
  sequences.

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Research priorities contd..

• Developing organic package of practices for high
  value crops.
• Enhancement of water productivity.
• Integrated management of pests and diseases of
  important crops.
• Developing drudgery reducing women friendly
  agricultural implements.
• Developing technologies for value addition of
  agricultural produce including packaging of
  perishable vegetables / fruits.

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Technology Development Process

• Develop appropriate technologies through research
  in a farmer participatory mode.
• On-farm trials in large scale to be conducted in
  farmers field.
• Implementation of research projects / on-farm
  trials on contract basis.

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Thank You