Epidemiology Of Dental Caries

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Epidemiology Of Dental Caries
N.A.GH
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Dental Caries

• Dental caries is an infectious, communicable
  disease resulting
• in destruction of tooth structure by
  acid-forming bacteria
• found in dental plaque, in the presence of
  sugar

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Concepts of caries etiology
Microorganism
Tooth
Substrate
Time
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Current concepts of Dental Caries

• The development of dental caries is a dynamic
  process of demineralization of the dental hard
  tissues by the products
• of bacterial metabolism, alternating with
  periods of remineralization

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Cyclic Process of Decay
Bacteria plus food makes the saliva very acidic
within 5 minutes
Saliva is normal 30 minutes after eating
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Demineralization / Remineralization
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Demineralization / Remineralization
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Continuo.

• Etiology of dental caries
• Tooth susceptibility
• Bacterial plaque
• Carbohydrates
• Oral sugar clearance
• Time
• Saliva flow pH

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Continuo.

• Epidemiology of dental caries
• Host Factors
• Age
• Sex
• Race
• Emotional disturbance

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• Agent Factors
• Streptococcus mutans.initiation of dental
  caries
• mutans plus sucrose reduces the pH in the
  plaque to a critical level of 5.0-5.5, which can
  overcome the buffering capacity of saliva and
  result in demineralization of enamel
• Lactobacillus progression of
  dental caries
• Lactobacillus counts are
  significantly higher in patients with open
• caries lesions

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Environmental factors

• sunshine
• temperature
• fluoride
• nutrition
• social factors
• oral environment

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Occlusal caries
Root caries
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Smooth surface
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acute
arrested
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Continuo.

• Dental caries of primary teeth

Sequence of caries in primary dentition is as
follows mandibular molars followed by
maxillary molars, followed by maxillary
anterior teeth. Proximal caries
progress more rapidly than occlusal caries and
cause higher percentage of pulp exposure.
Caries in lower incisors is unusual except in
rampant caries.
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Dental caries of permanent teeth

• 1- Mandibular first and second molars.
• 2- Maxillary first and second molars.
• 3- Mandibular second premolars, maxillary first
  and second premolars, maxillary centrals and
  laterals.
• 4- Maxillary canines and mandibular first
  premolars.
• 5- Mandibular centrals, lateral incisors and
  canines.

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ASSESSMENT OF DENTAL CARIES

• Counts
• Number of persons involved by the
  disease(presence or absence).
• Proportion
• The prevalence of the disease can express as
  percentage
• Number per 1oo persons

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• Rates Stander unit of population is often used
  - 11000
• (10,100,100,10.000)
• Intensity
• Or severity by using an index

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What is the index ?

• Is a graduated numerical scale with
  definite upper and lower limits describing the
  relative status of a population .
• Irreversible caries
• Reversible. gingivitis

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MEASUREMENT OF DENTAL CARIES

• 1- Methods of examination
• Type 1mirror ,probe, full mouth x-ray,
  study model,
• illumination ( complete examination)
• Type 2mirror ,probe, bitewing x-ray,
  illumination
• Type 3mirror ,probe, illumination
• Type 4, tongue depressor , illumination
  (screening)

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Diagnostic criteria

• -WHO criteria
• - White spots
• - Discoloured ,rough areas, softening ,
  undermining

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Indices for dental caries

• For permanent teeth
• DMF index
• D. Decayed
• M . Missed
• F . ...Filled
• ( DMFT) OR ( DMFS)

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For primary teeth

• - def index
• - dmf index
• - df index

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• Number of d m f
  surfaces
• dmfs Index
• Total number of
  primary teeth
• Number of d m f tooth
• dmf Index
• Total number of
  primary teeth
•   

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