Mobilization of Resources for Disaster Mitigation, Preparedness and Response

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Mobilization of Resources for Disaster
Mitigation, Preparedness and Response
A Special Case!
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Why a Special Case?

• Sources of financing are different

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Why a Special Case?

• Procedures are also different

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Different Sources of Financing

• Ministries of Foreign Affairs
• Offices of humanitarian assistance
• or other specialized channels

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Different Sources of Financing
United States

• Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance
  (OFDA/USAID)
• Used to be the single source for emergency
  assistance and support for prevention/Mitigation/
  Preparedness (PMP)
• A core donor for PAHO Member of the PHP

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USA

• Now the US Southern Command (SouthCom) has become
  a major source of funding and support for
  preparedness and relief.
• Coordination with OFDA ?

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Canada
Different Sources of Financing

• IHA International Humanitarian Assistance

• Part of CIDAs multilateral branch it
  cannot give funds bilaterally to countries!
• Covers disaster prevention to response
• A core donor for PAHO Member of the PHP

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UK DFID/CHAD

• CHAD is a specialized branch for refugees, IDP
  and emergencies of the Department for
  International Development
• A core donor of PAHO Member of the PHP

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European Union
Different Sources of Financing

• ECHO European Community Humanitarian Office

• A budget of US 0.8 billion!
• Requires the signature of a formal Partnership
  Agreement with ECHO
• Preference given to European NGOs

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• Managing ECHOs funds at country level requires
  an efficient organization-wide financial
  monitoring system.

ECHO
ECU
E U
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Other examples
Different Sources of Financing
France

• A Secretariat for Humanitarian Affairs
• A humanitarian office in Foreign Affairs
• The Department of Cooperation for projects on
  mitigation and preparedness

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Other Examples
Norway

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs for response and
  preparedness
• Normal NORAD mechanisms for prevention or
  mitigation projects hospital mitigation

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What is the relevance of having different sources
of financing?

• These funds are not available for other health
  priorities

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Different Procedures

• Fortunately, procedures for obtaining funds from
  these sources are much easier!
• In most cases, there is a free format (ECHO used
  to be the only exception)
• Increasingly, LFA is required for preparedness
  projects, but rarely for emergency assistance
  projects.

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Different Procedures

• The Emergency procedure is informal (a 2 page
  fax can bring a commitment of half a million
  dollars)
• In cases of emergency

• immediate request (within 24 hours!)
• speedy execution (average 3 months)

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How can funds be mobilized in times of emergency?

• International appeals
• Bilateral requests

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Channels for International Appeals

• Appeals by OCHA

• The Situation Reports of OCHA offer the most
  convenient, speedy and complete approach
• PAHO/WHO is responsible for the health content in
  OCHA situation reports.

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Channels for International Appeals
Appeals by PAHO

• enjoys high credibility abroad
• reaches a smaller but selective number of donors
  
• requires rapid and coordinated action at all
  levels

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Channels for International Appeals
Appeals by WHO (EHA or EMC)

• WHO submits the request through the missions in
  Geneva.

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International Appeals

• The U.N. consolidated appealA trend
  encouraged by the donors

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Direct Bilateral Request

• Requires more work initially, but reduces
  inappropriate or duplicative assistance
• separate requests to each of the donors are
  preferred
• a common diagnosis on the health situation
  (Ministry, PAHO, NGOs) is helpful...

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• Embassies are coordinating within the country
• The embassy and the humanitarian office in the
  donor countrys capital city also talk together
• Donors trust is built by
• pre-disaster technical collaboration with Foreign
  Affairs
• Convening donors meetings

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Lessons Learned
Cuba (Hurricane Lily)

• The international community did not fully
  participate in its evaluation
• Official reports did not differentiate between
  damages and emergency requirements

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Lessons Learned
Nicaragua (Hurricane)

• Donors did not wait
• Requests sent one week after the impact arrived
  too late !

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Factors of success

• The nature of the disaster and the of deaths
• the coverage of Mass Media
• The political status of the bilateral relation
• The occurrence of other disaster worldwide

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The main ingredients

• SPEED
• SPEED
• SPEED

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Conclusions

• More administrative flexibility is required from
  PAHO and the Countries. It is essential to
  maintain or strengthen our dexterity and speed in
  the search for humanitarian funds.

Turbo-PAHO
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• SPEEDY REQUEST BUT NOT TOO MUCH!
• THE CASE OF NICARAGUA

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Conclusions

• Decentralization by the donors imposes a closer
  coordination between MoH, Foreign Affairs and
  PAHO/WHO

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Conclusions

• Speed AND Coordination are the keywords in the
  mobilization of humanitarian funds