Bitumen Overview India

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Bitumen OverviewIndia
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CONTENTS

• OIL SECTOR OVERVIEW
• INDIAN ROAD SECTOR
• BITUMEN AND ITS PROPERTIES
• VALUE ADDED BITUMEN

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OIL INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1st year of deregulation
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PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DEMAND
Historical
Going forward

• Consumption grew at a CAGR of 3.4 p.a. over the
  last 5 years
• Production registered a CAGR of 12.5 p.a. during
  the same period

• Demand expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.7 p.a.
  during next 5 years
• Demand registered over 5 growth during FY2003

Source Company estimates FY03 MOPNG Sub-group
report for X Plan submitted to Planning Commission
Source PPAC, FY03 company estimates
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CRUDE SELF SUFFICIENCY
The gap being met through imports

• Self sufficiency levels declined over the years

Source Hydrocarbon Vision 2025
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INDIAN ROAD SECTOR
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INDIAN ROAD NETWORK
Length ( km )
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS 58,112
STATE HIGHWAYS 1,37,119
DISTRICT ROADS 4,70,000
RURAL ROADS 26,50,000
Total 3.3 MILLION Kms
INDIAN ROADS CARRY 85 OF PASSENGER TRAFFIC
70 OF FREIGHT TRAFFIC
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ROAD CONSTRUCTIONSHIFTS TO HIGHER GEAR

• HIGHWAYS BUILT 1947-97 2 Kms / Day
• PROPOSED NHDP LENGTH 14000 Kms
• DAILY PROGRESS 1998-03 5 Kms / Day
• DAILY EXPENSES OF NHDP 10 ML. USD
• FINAL PROGRESS OF NHDP 11 Kms/Day
• ASSURED FUNDING MECHANISM IN PLACE

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MAJOR PROJECTS

• JAN 1999 TARGET OF DEC 2004 FOR 4/6-LANING OF
  5846 KMs HIGHWAY IN FIRST PHASE - GOLDEN
  QUADRILATERAL
• SECOND PHASE ON 7300 KMs NE-SW CORRIDOR TO BEGIN
  ON JAN 2004 WITH TARGET OF DEC 07
• SIMULTANEOUS DEVELOPMENT OF PORT ROADS, RURAL
  ROADS, STATE ROADS INTENSIFIED
• B.R.O. PROJECTS

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(No Transcript)
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BITUMEN AND ITS PROPERTIES
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BITUMEN DEMAND GROWTH

• Bitumen demand is likely to grow at 12 per year
  for next five years
• At this rate the demand in year 2004-05 would be
  3900 TMT

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BITUMEN SEASONALITY
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Bitumen - An introduction

• LAST RESIDUE OF CRUDE OIL TREATED TO PRODUCE
  BITUMEN.
• USED IN BUILDING AND PAVING SINCE ANCIENT TIMES.
• OLDEST ADHESIVE KNOWN TO MAN.
• USED IN 3500 B.C. AS MORTAR FOR BUILDING STONES
  AND PAVING BLOCKS IN MESOPOTAMIA.
• USED FOR WATER TIGHTENING OF RESERVOIRS, CANALS,
  BATHING POOLS EMBANKMENTS OF RIVERS IN INDUS
  VALLEY.

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Bitumen - An introduction (Contd.)

• Streets of Babylon constructed in 2000 B.C. still
  in good shape.
• Used for Mummification in 300 B.C.
• Rock Asphalt used for flooring/sidewalks in
  France in 1800 A.D.
• First road surfacing done in New Jersey in 1870
  A.D.
• From 1900 onwards Bitumen produced from
  Refineries being used extensively.

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Types of Bitumen

• Conventional Bitumen
• Paving Grade Bitumen
• Industrial Grade Bitumen
• Bitumen Emulsions
• Modified Bitumen

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Production Process

• Produced by fractional distillation of Crude oil.
• Crude Oil heated to 300 350OC in distillation
  column. Lighter fractions separated at different
  column heights. Bottom product called long
  residue.
• Long residue heated upto 450OC in Vacuum
  distillation column. Bottom residue (short
  residue) used for manufacturing Bitumen.
• Hot air is blown through short residue OR
  blended with superior quality bottom products to
  achieve desired consistency / penetration.

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Advantages of Bituminous Roads

• Initial saving fast construction low cost.
• Ageless rehabilitation is inexpensive.
• Stage Construction - in ribbons, not in slabs.
• Safe High skid resistance Good Visibility
• Better riding quality Less wear tear of
  vehicle, Low noise while cruising
• Can be fully recycled.

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Engineering Properties of Bitumen

• A visco-elastic material Deformation under
  stress a function of temperature loading time.
  
• At high temperature loading it behaves as
  viscous liquids, whereas at very low temperature
  or low loading it behaves as elastic solids.
• In the intermediate range of temperatures /
  pressure, more typical of the conditions in road
  service, bitumen has visco-elastic behaviour.

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Elemental Analysis

• Carbon 82 - 88
• Hydrogen 8 - 11
• Sulphur 0 - 6
• Oxygen 0 - 1.5
• Nitrogen 0 - 1

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Composition of Bitumen

• Chemical composition depends on origin of Crude
  Oil and refining process.
• Chemical composition is extremely complex.
  Astronomically large number of Molecules with
  different chemical structures. Not feasible to
  attempt a complete analysis of Bitumen.
• Elemental composition of Bitumen provides little
  information of the types of molecular structure
  present in Bitumen.

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Properties of BitumenIS 73 1992

• Characteristics 80/100 60/70 30/40
• Specific gravity at 27OC 0.99 0.99
  0.99
• Softening Point OC 35 to 50 40
  to 55 50 to 65
• Penetration at 25OC, 100gm, 80 to 100 60
  to 70 30 to 40
• 5 secs., 1/10 mm
• Ductility at 27OC, in cm min. 75 75 50

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BITUMEN TESTS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

• PENETRATION TEST / SOFTENING PT.
• INDICATES CONSISTENCY
• LOSS ON HEATING / THIN FILM OVEN TEST
• RATE OF HARDENING ON ROAD
• DUCTILITY TEST
• AFFINITY FOR AGGREGATES

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Tests..

• TRICHOROETHYLENE SOLUBILITY
• INDICATES PURITY OF BITUMEN
• VISCOSITY / SPECIFIC GRAVITY

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Penetration

• TRAVEL IN dmm OF A SPECIFIED NEEDLE UNDER 100 g
  Wt. FOR 5 SECONDS INTO BITUMEN AT 25 C.
• DENOTES CONSISTENCY

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Softening Point

• 3.5 GM STEEL BALL PLACED ON SAMPLE OF BITUMEN IN
  BRASS RING
• BATH TEMP RAISED AT 5 DEGREES PER MINUTE

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DUCTILITY

• Gives an indication of the extent to which a
  sample of the material can be stretched before
  breaking.
• Length in cm. at breaking point is ductility

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FLASH POINT

• Used to measure the temperature to which a sample
  of bitumen may be safely heated
• The flash point is the temperature reached when
  the vapour causes an instantaneous flash.

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Recommended Handling Temperatures

• Characteristics 80/100 60/70 30/40
• Min. Pumping Temp.27OC 105 110 125
• Mixing/Coating Temp. OC 150 to 163 150 to
  163 160 to 175
• Laying Temp.OC 130 to 160
  130 to 160 140 to 160
• Spraying Temp.OC 170 - -
• Max. Safe Hdlng. Temp. OC 175 175 175

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Selection of Grade of Bitumen

• Choice of Bitumen is based on
• Climatic Conditions - Maximum Minimum
  temperature rainfall.
• Intensity of Traffic - Number of vehicles per
  day axle load of vehicles.

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Applications of 80/100 Grade

• Less viscous grade.
• Used in all climatic conditions.
• Suited for traffic load of less that 1500
  commercial vehicles/day.
• Better suited for high altitude/snow bound
  regions irrespective of traffic intensity.

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Applications of 60/70 Grade

• More viscous grade. Higher softening point.
• Suited for traffic intensity of more than 1500
  commercial vehicles/ day.
• Can withstand heavier axle loads.
• Suited for areas where difference between min.
  max. temp. is more than 25 o C.
• Reduced stripping of Bitumen from Aggregate in
  presence of water.
• Better suited for highways, expressways
  urban roads.

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Applications of 30/40 Grade

• Suited for traffic intensity of more than 1500
  commercial vehicles/ day.
• Suited for areas where difference between min.
  max. temp. is less than 25 o C.
• Used in metropolitan areas / airport runways.

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VALUE ADDED BITUMEN

• Binder of the future

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RELATIVE PRICING OF VALUE ADDED BINDERS

• BITUMEN 10000
• EMULSION 11000
• CRMB 12500
• NRMB 13500
• PMB 17000

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WHY MODIFIED BITUMEN?

• INCREASING DEMANDS ON ROAD
• INCREASING NUMBER OF VEHICLES
• INCREASING AXLE LOAD
• INSISTENCE BY CLIENTS
• DESIRE TO MAINTAIN HIGHER SERVICEABILITY LEVEL
• CHANGING PATTERN OF CONTRACTS
• INCLUDES LONG TERM MAINTENANCE

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Modifiers under use
Synthetic Elastomers SBS, SBR etc.
Polymers
Rubbers
Plastics
Crumb Rubber
Natural Rubber (Latex)
Plain
Chemically Treated
Thermoplastic EVA
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EMERGING DEMANDAN ASSESSMENT
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CURRENT MARKET FEATURES

• DOMINATION BY CRMB
• VALUE FOR MONEY BINDER
• TEST TRACKS / RESEARCH WORK SHOW EXCELLENT
  RESULTS
• HIGH COST OF PMB A DAMPENER
• INSISTENCE BY CLIENTS ON REFINERY MODIFIED
  BINDERS
• HIGH GROWTH RATE ASSURED
• EMULSION MARKET STAGNATED
• TACK COAT ORIENTED
• HIGH VOLUME APPLICATIONS YET TO BEGIN

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CRUMB RUBBER MODIFIED BITUMEN
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Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen

• Bitumen
• Additives (Modifiers/Treated Crumb Rubber)

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What is Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen?

• Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen is Conventional
  Bitumen with treated Crumb Rubber Additive at
  high temperature which results in
• Lower susceptibility to temp. variation
• Higher resistance to deformation at high
  temperature
• Better Age Resistance Properties
• Higher Fatigue Life of Mixes
• Better Adhesion Properties

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Why Treat Crumb Rubber?

• Be compatible with Bitumen.
• Blend with Bitumen properly thoroughly.
• Improve temperature resistance of Bitumen.
• Resist degradation of Bituminous mix.
• Be capable of being processed by conventional
  mixing plants and laying machinery.
• Produce coating viscosity at application temp.
• Maintain premium properties during
  storage,application and in service.
• Be cost-effective considering life cycle cost.

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Test and Trials with CRMB

• Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi.
• Highway Research Station, Chennai.
• Gujarat Engineering Research Institute, Vadodara.
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur.
• Municipal Corporation of Delhi.
• Research Station, P.W (RB) Dept., Hyderabad.,
  Andhra Pradesh.

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Circular Test track study conducted by Highway
Research Station, Chennai
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Tests conducted in Circular Test Track Study

• Surface Evaluation
• Skid resistance
• Texture depth
• Depletion values

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STUDY RESULT

• CRMB mixes indicate better resistance to
  deformation at high temperature - 1.5 times
  higher values of stability, Marshall quotient and
  stiffness modulus.
• Higher indirect tensile strength and stiffness
  modulus - better resistance to cracking in
  structural layers.
• Modified mixes in structural layers take higher
  traffic stresses due to higher values of
  stiffness modulus.
• Tensile strength ratio before and after
  conditioning in water is higher - superior
  resistance to moisture damage.

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CIRCULAR TEST TRACK STUDY CONCLUSION

• The Highways Research Station has opined that
  the performance of modified bitumen stretch
  improves by 1.7 times than the conventional
  bitumen stretch.

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Guidelines on use of Modified Bitumen

• MORTH letter No. RW/NH-34041/36/90-SR(Vol. II)
  dated April 21, 1999 advised all States/UTs to
  use Modified Bitumen upto 10 for all works as
  it has been proved by field trials that the life
  of the road increases by 1.5 times.
• IRC released new Specifications vide publication
  No. IRC-SP532002 FOR USE OF MODIFIED BITUMEN in
  road development activities in India.
• MORTH vide letter No. RW/NH-34041/36/90-SR(Vol.
  II) dated 17, January 2000 requested all States
  to start using MODIFIED BITUMEN.
• MORTH letter No. RW/NH-34041/36/90-SR(Vol. II)
  dated April 14, 2000 requested MOPNG to start
  Modified Bitumen production at Refinery level.

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Guidelines on use of Modified Bitumen

• MORTH vide their letter No. RW/NH-35072/1/2001-SR
  ( R ) dated June 21, 2001 has requested all
  States to encourage use of Modified Bitumen in
  view of its various advantages and improved
  performance over conventional Bitumen.
• MORTH vide their letter No. RW/NH-33041/3/2001-SR
  dated June 13, 2002 has stated that It has been
  decided that keeping in view its advantages,
  polymer/rubber modified bitumen may be adopted in
  surfacing for the whole length, subject to
  availability.

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CRMB Performance on Road
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DEFORMATION OF SURFACE IN UNMODIFIED SECTION
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PATCH WORK IN UNMODIFIED SECTION
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POT HOLE IN KM-144 UNMODIFIED
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TRANSVERSE CRACKING UNMODIFIED SECTION
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A VIEW OF MODIFIED (CRMB) SECTION
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CLOSE-UP OF MODIFIED SURFACE
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GOOD SURFACE CONDITION OF MODIFIED SECTION
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GOOD SURFACE OF MODIFIED BC
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Grades of CRMB
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Tests on Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen

• Penetration
• Softening Point
• Elastic Recovery
• Thin Film Oven Test
• Penetration
• Softening Point
• Elastic Recovery

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Selection Criteria
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Recommended Handling Temperatures
Stage of Work Viscosity, Poise Temp. Range, OC
Binder at Mixing lt 2 170 - 180
Mix at Mixing Plant lt 4 145 - 165
Mix at Laying Site lt 5 130 - 150
Rolling at Site 10 1,000 115 - 135
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HANDLING OF CRMB

• CRMB should ideally be used in hot condition.
• When supplied in drums, it shall be agitated
  properly in melted condition for 10 - 15 minutes
  before use.
• Mixing rolling temperature should be approx.
  10OC higher than conventional temperature.
• Pneumatic tyre rollers should be avoided.

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Field Trials Carried on CRMB

• NH-1 NEAR AMBALA
• SECUDERBAD-KUKATPALLI ROAD
• BLR-KANAKAPURA HIGHWAY
• NH-4,CHENNAI-BANGALORE ROAD
• NH-5,CHENNAI-CALCUTTA
• NH-8 at RAJIV CHOWK,NEAR GURGAON
• NH0-1 A at UDHAMPUR, JAMMU
• NH-25,LUCKNOW-JHANSI
• INNER RING ROAD, HYD
• INSIDE HRS CAMPUS,CHENNAI

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Satisfied Clientele

• P W D - Maharashtra
• P W D - Madhya Pradesh
• Major Private Contractors in Maharashtra
• Ketan Constructions Ahmedabad Vadodara
  Expressway
• Contractors in Orissa, A.P. Gujarat.

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BITUMEN EMULSIONS
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EMULSIONS IN DAILY LIFE

• MILK
• MEDICINES
• PAINTS
• ICE CREAM

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BITUMEN EMULSIONS ??

• BITUMEN EMULSION BITUMEN EMULSIFIER/ADDITIVES
  WATER
• WATER CONTINUOUS PHASE
• BITUMEN DISEPERSED PHASE
• FREE FLOWING DARK BROWN LIQUID

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EMULSIFICATION

• BITUMEN MILLED INTO FINE PARTICLES HELD IN
  MOLECULAR SPACES OF WATER
• USE OF CORRECT EMULSIFIER / CHEMICALS FACILITATE
  PROPER EMULSIFICATION

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COLAS S.A. OF FRANCE

• LARGEST CONSTRUCTION COMPANY IN THE WORLD
• EXPERTS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
• MANPOWER 40,000
• TURNOVER
• gt 40, 000 CRORES

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HINDUSTAN COLAS LIMITED

• INCORPORATED IN JULY 1995 AS A JOINT VENTURE
  COMPANY.
• HINCOL EMULSIONS VERY WELL RECEIVED ALL OVER
  INDIA
• FIRST PLANT AT MUMBAI IN 1996.
• SECOND PLANT AT DELHI IN 1998.
• THIRD PLANT AT CHENNAI IN 1999.
• FOURTH PLANT BEING COMMISSIONED IN VIZAG.

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PROJECTED DEMAND IN 000 MT

• BITUMEN EMULSION
• YEAR DEMAND DEMAND
• 2002-03 2900 70 2.4
• 2003-04 3500 105 3.0
• 2004-05 4000 160 4.0
• INTERNATIONAL NORM - 15 AVERAGE

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WHY LOW CONSUMPTION IN INDIA ???

• QUALITY
• AWARENESS
• INCLUSION OF SPECS IN DSR
• GEOGRAPHICAL CONSTRAINTS
• MYTH OF EXPENSIVENESS
• NO MAJOR MANUFACTURER

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TYPICAL USESOF EMULSIONS IN FRANCE

• TACK COAT 12
• SURFACE DRESSING 40
• PATCH WORK 15
• GROUTING 13
• OTHER 20

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WHY USE EMULSIONS ??

• ECONOMY
• ALL WEATHER APPLICATION (IDEAL FOR MONSOON
  APPLN.)
• WORKER FRIENDLY
• ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY
• EFFICIENCY

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TYPES OF EMULSIONS

• RAPID SETTING
• MEDIUM SETTING
• SLOW SETTING

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APPLICATIONS

• POT HOLE REPAIRS
• TACK COAT
• PRIME COAT
• SURFACE DRESSING
• PREMIX / LIQUID SEAL COAT
• 20 MM PREMIX CARPET
• FOG SPRAY/FOG SEAL/SLURY SEAL

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PACKAGING

• RECONDITIONED DRUMS
• NEW DRUMS
• BULK

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THANK YOU
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FUTURE ENERGY SCENARIO
Gas to replace the demand for oil and is expected
to constitute 20 of the energy supply by 2025
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INITIATIVES BY GOVERNMENT

• GOVERNMENTS VISION TO CREATE ROAD NETWORK
  WHICH IS BEST IN THE WORLD.
• INITIATIVES
• LEVY OF Rs. 1 PER LTR. CESS ON DIESEL AND PETROL
  EFFECTIVE 1999 FOR CENTRAL ROAD FUND ( 1.2
  BILLION PER YEAR) PLUS FUNDING BY ADB / WB PLUS
  PRIVATE SECTOR
• SPECIFIC FUND ALLOCATION FOR NATIONAL HIGHWAYS,
  STATE HIGHWAYS, RAIL OVER BRIDGES, RURAL ROADS
  ETC.
• SPECIAL FINANCIAL INCENTIVES PACKAGE FOR TAXES
  AND DUTIES APPLICABLE FOR ROAD PROJECTS
  ANNOUNCED
• HIGH TRANSPARENCY AND FAST DECISIONS

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FUNDING OF NHDP
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MAJOR CHANGES INDIAN ROAD SECTOR

• TILL 15 YEARS AGO - ROADS MADE BY STATE AND
  CONTRACTORS ONLY PROVIDED LABOUR / MACHINERY ETC.
• DURING 1990s GOVERNMENT INCLUDED MATERIAL
  PROCUREMENT IN CONTRACTORS SCOPE
• CHANGES FURTHER ACCELERATED BY MASSIVE
  INVESTMENTS PROPOSED IN ROAD SECTOR 1998 ONWARDS

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COTRACTS AWARD METHODOLOGYMAJOR OVERHAUL

• CHANGE FROM GOVT. SUPERVISED WORKS TO REWARD
  ORINETED EPC (ENGG, PLNG CONSTRN) WITH PMC
• INCENTIVE FOR EARLY COMPLETION - 1 - 6
  DISINCENTIVE FOR DELAY
• SEPARATE OM CONTRACTS FOR MAINTENANCE
• ANNUITY BASED PROJECTS INCLUDING MAINTENANCE
  EXPERIMENTED

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NORMAL BITUMEN DEMAND ?

• INDIAS ANNUAL BITUMEN DEMAND 2800 TMT
• PERIODICAL RENEWALS / MR NORMALLY NOT PER
  SCHEDULE
• ADDITIONAL REQMT FOR NEW PROJECTS

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Grades/Types of Bitumen

• PAVING BITUMEN 80/100, 60/70, 30/40
• Used in Road Construction worldwide.
• Conforms to IS73 of 1992.
• Industrial Bitumen
• Conforms to IS702 of 1988.
• Harder grades.
• Used in water proofing, cable insulation, gunny
  bags, rubber industries, etc.
• Not marketed by Oil Companies.

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CLASSIFICATION OF BITUMEN EMULSION

• ANIONIC - BITUMEN PARTICLE HAS NEGATIVE CHARGE
• CATIONIC - BITUMEN PARTICLE HAS POSITIVE CHARGE
• CATIONIC EMULSION HAS REPLACED ANIONIC EMULSION
  WORLDWIDE IN ROAD APPLNS.

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BREAKING

• ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION CAUSES BREAKING OF
  EMULSION
• BITUMEN ve CHARGE
• AGGREGATE -ve CHARGE
• RESULT EXCELLENT BONDING / ANTISTRIPPING
  BETWEEN BITUMEN AGGREGATE

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ECONOMY

• NO HEATING COSTS
• REDUCED MANPOWER COST
• FASTER EXECUTION
• ECONOMICAL IN APPLICATIONS LIKE TACK COAT

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ENVIRONMENT / SAFETY

• EMULSIONS RESPECT PEOPLE AND ENVIRONMENT
• NO SMOKE/POLLUTION
• CONSERVES WOOD/FUEL
• IDEAL FOR CITY APPLICATIONS
• WORKER FRIENDLY

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MANUFACTURING

• IMPORTED PLANTS
• COLAS FORMULATIONS
• PROPRIETARY PROCESS
• IMPORTED RAW MATERIALS

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QUALITY CONTROL

• SOPHISTICATED LABORATORY
• PARAMETERS CHECKED VISCOSITY BINDER
  CONTENT COATING PROPERTY SHELF
  LIFE PARTICLE CHARGE COAGULATION RE
  SIDUE ON 600 MICRON IS SIEVE

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BIS SPECS 8887-1995

• OBSOLETE SPECS 8887-1978 REVISED IN 1995
• MAJOR CHANGES MADE IN BINDER CONTENT, SHELF LIFE
  AND QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS.
• ALL HINCOL GRADES MEET OR EXCEED BIS 8887-1995
  SPECS

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MOST REV.SPEC -2000
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WHERE TO USE EMULSION?

• FOLLOW THE THUMB RULE.
• THUMB RULE IS BASED ON INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE AND
  ALSO AS PER MOST/ IRC SPECS.

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APPLICATION OF HINCOL EMULSIONS

• SESSION 2

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RS - RAPID SETTINGAPPLICATIONS

• TACK COAT
• LIQUID SEAL COAT
• GROUTING
• SURFACE DRESSING
• PATCH WORK

99
MS - MEDIUM SETTING APPLICATIONS

• POTHOLE FILLING (PRE-MIX)
• PATCH WORK
• PRIME COAT
• TACK COAT

100
SS - SLOW SETTINGAPPLICATIONS

• PRIME COAT
• SLURRY SEAL
• PREMIX SEAL COAT
• FOG SPRAY/FOG SEAL

101
PRIME COAT

• OBJECTIVES PLUG CAPILLARY HOLES HARDENS /
  TOUGHENS BASE COURSE BONDS LOOSE
  PARTICLES ASSISTS ADHESION WITH NEXT LAYER
• QUANTITIES RECOMMENDED LOW POROSITY SS TYPE
  6-9 KG / 10SQMT MED. POROSITY MS TYPE 9-12 KG
  / 10 SQMT HIGH POROSITY MS TYPE 12-15 KG / 10SQMT

102
SURFACE DRESSING

• A THIN LAYER OF WEARING COURSE MADE OF
  SUPERIMPOSED LAYERS OF EMULSION AND METAL
• FUNCTIONS
• 1. PROVIDING WEARING SURFACE
  2. REHABILITATES WORN SURFACES 3. SHOULDERS ON
  A HIGHWAY 4. LOW VOLUME / LOAD OR
  REMOTE AREA ROADS

103
20 MM PREMIX CARPET

• WEARING COURSE FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS
• ECONOMICAL
• FASTER EXECUTION
• EMULSIONS OBVIOUS CHOICE PREPARING PRE-MIX ON
  THE SITE.

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SEAL COAT

• PROVIDES A SEAL TO STOP WATER ENTRY INTO ROAD
• LIQUID SEAL COAT RS TYPE 12-14 KG / 10
  SQMT ONLY EMULSIONS RECOMMENDED
• PREMIX SEAL COAT SS TYPE 10 - 12 KG / 10
  SQMT