Gothic England Architecture

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Gothic England Architecture
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Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hydeby Robert Louis Stevenson

• Biography
• And
• Background

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Robert Lewis Stevenson

• Born 1850 Edinburg, Scotland Sickly
• Father designed lighthouses
• Studied literature at Edinburg University
• Had to move to a warmer climate because of his
  deteriorating health
• Moved to California in 1879 and married Fanny
  Osbourne the travel almost killed him
• Doctors told him he would die in a few months,
  but he lived until 1894

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Robert Louis Stevenson continued

• His first great writing success was Treasure
  Island thrilling story of a swashbuckling
  pirate named Long John Silver.
• Other works include A Childs Garden of Verses
  and Kidnapped
• Robert Louis Stevenson died on December 3, 1894.
  At the time of his death, he was working with
  friends in Scotland preparing an edition of his
  complete works.

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Other Interesting Facts

• Robert Louis Stevenson has a good claim to be the
  inventor of the Sleeping Bag, taking a large
  fleece-lined sack with him to sleep on the
  journey through France described in his book
  Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes

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Interesting FactsContinued

• In his tale of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde, one of the
  first psychological thrillers, Stevenson
  portrays how two contradictory personalities
  one conventional good, the other an example of
  increasingly uncontrolled evil can coexist in
  one body. It is said that this was an idea
  modeled on the late 18th century case of Deacon
  Brodie, a respectable Edinburgh businessman by
  day who was a gambler, adulterer, armed robber
  murderer by night and nobody knew until he
  bungled a robbery, was eventually caught and
  hanged on a gallows of his own invention!

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Symbolismand The Novella

• Symbolism is the practice of representing things
  by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic
  meanings or significance to objects, events, or
  relationships.
• A Novella is longer and more complex than short
  stories but shorter and simpler than novels

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Symbolismand The Novella Continued

• The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
  became an instant success in 1886
• Britain was experiencing a period of intense
  social, economic, and spiritual change, after
  many decades of confident growth national
  self-fulfillment.

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Symbolismand The Novella Continued

• Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde perfectly captured some
  readers fears that their careful built society
  was hypocritical.
• It was a symbolic expression of threats to
  traditional British society struggle between
  the social classes for power with an increase in
  political power of the working class

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Symbolismand The Novella Continued

• Others saw a challenge in the long-held religious
  belief in Gods creation of the universe being
  replaced by the evolution theory
• Many considered Hyde to be a model of the strong
  yet evil individual who would survive while
  Jekyll who represented good did not survive over
  evil and fell

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Symbolismand The Novella Continued

• Another group found some of the new ideas being
  considered about the human mind
• Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalysis as a method
  of treating emotional disorders and believed
  humans are influenced by impulses of which they
  were not aware and are often expressed in dreams

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Symbolismand The Novella Continued

• To people who leaned toward this psychological
  symbolism, Hyde represents Dr. Jekylls
  subconscious desire to be freed from his
  societys restrictions

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Gothic Genre

• Gothic fiction is an important genre of
  literature that combines elements of both horror
  and romance. As a genre, it is generally believed
  to have been invented by the English author
  Horace Walpole, with his 1764 novel The Castle of
  Otranto. The effect of Gothic fiction depends on
  a pleasing sort of terror, an extension of
  essentially Romantic literary pleasures that were
  relatively new at the time of Walpole's novel.
• Prominent features of Gothic fiction include
  terror (both psychological and physical),
  mystery, the supernatural, ghosts, haunted houses
  and Gothic architecture, castles, darkness,
  death, decay, doubles, madness, secrets and
  hereditary curses.
• The stock characters of Gothic fiction include
  tyrants, villains, bandits, maniacs, Byronic
  heroes, persecuted maidens, femmes fatale,
  madwomen, magicians, vampires, werewolves,
  monsters, demons, revenants, ghosts,
  perambulating skeletons, the Wandering Jew and
  the Devil himself.

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Sigmund Freuds Psychoanalysis Theory

• Ego, super-ego, and id
• Main article Ego, super-ego, and id
• - In his later work, Freud proposed that the
  psyche could be divided into three parts Ego,
  super-ego, and id. The id is known as the
  child-like portion of the psyche that is very
  impulsive and only takes into account what it
  wants and disregards all consequences. The
  super-ego is the moral code of the psyche that
  solely follow right and wrong and takes into
  account no special circumstances in which the
  morally right thing may not be right for that
  situation. Finally, the ego is the balance
  between the two. It is the part of the psyche
  that is, usually, portrayed in the person's
  action, and after the super-ego and id are
  balanced, the ego acts in a way that takes both
  impulses and morality into consideration.

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Feuds Theory Simplified

• Id The division of the Psyche associated with
  instinctual impulses and demands for immediate
  satisfaction of primitive needs
• Ego The personality component that is
  conscious, most immediately controls behavior,
  and is most in touch with external reality
• Super-ego The division of the psyche that
  develops by the incorporation of the perceived
  moral standards of the community, is mainly
  unconscious, and includes the conscience.

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Time and PlaceSetting

• The novella takes place in London in the 1880s.
  Settings include Jekylls fine home in a formerly
  grand neighborhood now in decay Lanyons
  comfortable home in Cavendish Square, where many
  distinguished doctors have their houses and
  offices and Hydes house in Soho, a part of
  London know for its immigrant populations.

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Time and Place continuedThe Victorian Era

• 1830s to the beginning of 1900s
• Britains Queen Victoria ruled 1837-1901 for
  sixty-four years
• Britain was worlds leading economic and military
  power and controlled a vast empire
• Many changes included railroads, postal system
  improved medical and sanitary advances
  government supported schools growing industry
  cities became populated

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Time and Place The Victorian Era continued

• Eventually, worry began to cloud the thoughts of
  the people. Poverty became a formidable problem.
  The strength of the British Empire was
  challenged by difficult foreign wars. Workers
  demanded more power, women entered workforce and
  changes disturbed frightened many Britons.
  Then Jekyll and Hyde was written.

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Character Descriptions

• Mr. Utterson The narrator of the book, Utterson
  is a middle-aged lawyer, and a man in which all
  the characters confide throughout the novel. As
  an old friend of Jekyll, he recognizes the
  changes and strange occurrences of Jekyll and
  Hyde, and resolves to further investigate the
  relationship between the two men. He is perhaps
  the most circumspect, respected, and rational
  character in the book, and it is therefore
  significant that we view Hyde's crimes and
  Jekyll's hypocrisy through his observant, but
  generally sympathetic perspective.

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Character DescriptionsContinued

• Richard Enfield Mr. Utterson's cousin, a younger
  man who is assumed to be slightly more wild than
  his respectable and sedate relative. While
  initially it is assumed that Enfield will play a
  large role in this novel as it is he who is
  witnesses Hyde's initial crime, Enfield only
  appears in two scenes. In both, he walks past
  Hyde's mysterious door with Mr. Utterson.

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Character DescriptionsContinued

• Dr. Lanyon A former friend and colleague of Dr.
  Jekyll. Ten years before the events in the novel,
  he suspended his friendship with Dr. Jekyll
  because of a disagreement over scientific
  endeavors. Lanyon is highly respected, rational,
  and values truth and goodness above all else.

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Character DescriptionsContinued

• Dr. Henry Jekyll A prominent middle-aged doctor
  described as both tall and handsome. He is also
  extremely wealthy with a fortune well over two
  million dollars. All that know him describe him
  as respected and proper. However, as the novel
  progresses, we subtly witness his hypocritical
  behavior, which Stevenson claimed was Jekyll's
  fatal flaw. The doctor's belief that within each
  human being there exist forces of good and evil
  leads to his experiments that try to separate the
  two. Although presented as a scientific
  experiment, Jekyll undertook this task to allow
  himself a release from the respectable guise of
  Dr. Jekyll. In the book, Jekyll's voice is only
  heard in the concluding chapter, only after being
  described through the lens of Utterson, Lanyon,
  Poole, and Enfield.

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Character DescriptionsContinued

• Edward Hyde A small, deformed, disgusting man
  somewhat younger than Dr. Jekyll who is
  apparently devoid of a profession. Lanyon,
  Utterson and Enfield all describe witnessing
  something indefinably evil and horrific in Edward
  Hyde's face. He is often compared to animals,
  implying that he is not a fully evolved human
  being. Despite these descriptions, Hyde is
  generally civilized in his interactions with
  others, most notably Utterson and Lanyon. Dr.
  Jekyll describes Hyde as "pure evil," who menaces
  society at night, trampling a girl in the street
  and murdering Sir Danvers Carew. We learn at the
  end of the story that Edward Hyde and Dr. Henry
  Jekyll are in fact the same person.

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Character DescriptionsContinued

• Sir Danvers Carew A highly respected and
  prominent member of English society who Edward
  Hyde brutally murders. Carew is described as
  "silver haired" and "gentle."

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Character DescriptionsContinued

• Mr. Guest Mr. Utterson's law office clerk who
  discovers the handwriting similarity between
  notes from Mr. Hyde and Dr. Jekyll.

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Character DescriptionsContinued

• Richard Poole Dr. Jekyll's faithful butler. When
  fearful for his master's life, Poole seeks out
  Mr. Utterson's assistance. The two men discover
  Edward Hyde dead in Dr. Jekyll's cabinet and
  then, from a letter written by Dr. Jekyll's hand,
  learn of the doctor's fantastic experiments.

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Beware of Booga Moments!

• 1 Booga kind of scary
• 2 Boogas scary
• 3 Boogas really scary