Beer

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Beer
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Beer History

• No True Beginning
• Sumerians of Ancient Mesopotamia
• First record of Beer
• Cuneiform
• Accidental discovery

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U.S. Beer Timeline

• 1612-1800 Beginning of Brewing in America
• -The first brewery in New World established at
  current day Manhattan
• 1800-1860 Brewing Increases in Popularity
• -132 Breweries are producing 185,000 barrels of
  beer
• 1860-1920 Brewing Becomes a Viable Industry
• -IRS began taxing beer to finance the government
  during the Civil War
• -3700 Breweries are producing 6 million barrels
  of beer
• 1920-1933 Prohibition Days
• -American Brewers Association formed
• -During this time beer was outlawed

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Timeline Continued

• 1933-1945 Brewing is Revived
• -Prohibition was lifted
• 1945-1980 After WWII, Prosperity Continues
• -Aluminum Can Introduced
• -Ring pull can introduced
• 1980-2000 More Growth New Aspects
• -Becomes legal to put the alcohol content on
  the bottle
• 2000-Present Still looking good
• -1,458 breweries product 6.2 million barrels of
  beer

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Beer Materials

• Barley
• Hops
• Yeast
• Water

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Barley

• Hordeum spontaneum
• Wild Barley
• Hordeum distichon 2 rowed barley
• Hordeum vulgaris 6 rowed barley
• Monocot Poaceae family
• One of the oldest cultivated crops in the world
• Superb flavor for beer

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Barley

• 25 of barley produced is used for alcohol
• 80 beer
• 14 distilled alcohol products
• 6 malted food products

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Hops

• Humulus lupulus
• Dicot Cannabaceae
• family
• Minor ingredient used for
• adding bitterness
• and aroma to beer
• Classified as bittering
• added at the beginning
• of brewing or as aroma
• hops added at the
• end of brewing

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Yeast

• Fungi
• Ale yeast (top fermentation)
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae
• -Ales, Porters, Stouts, and Wheat beer
• Lager yeast (bottom fermentation)
• S. carlsbergensis
• -Pilsners, Bocks, and American Malt Liquors

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Water

• Mineral content contributes to beer flavor
• Beer is 90 water
• Munich-water is high in carbonates-dark beer
• Dortmund-water is high in
• carbonates and chloride-lagers
• and pale ales

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Typical Beer Making Process(Bottom Fermentation)

• Make Wort
• Brew
• Fermentation
• Secondary Fermentation
• Natural Carbonation

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Making Wort

• 2 gallons hot water 160-170 degrees F
• Add 12 oz. crushed grains
• Steep for 20 minutes
• Add 6.6 lbs. plain light malt extract

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Brewing

• Add 1.5 oz. bittering hops to boiling wort
• Allow to boil 1hour
• Add 1.5 oz. aroma hops (finishing hops)
• Rapidly cool wort 70 degrees
• Dilute wort with water to specific volume (5
  gallons)

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Fermentation Process

• Add 1 packet yeast to cooled wort
• Let solution ferment (7-10 days) while
  maintaining constant temperature 70 degrees
• Pour (siphon) beer off of yeast

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Secondary Fermentation

• (Optional)
• Let beer sit (microscopic yeast)
• Pour (siphon) beer off of yeast

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Natural Carbonation

• Add 5 oz. of priming sugar
• Put beer in container
• Let sit 2 months for full carbonation

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Chemistry

• Barley has a high complement of enzymes used to
  convert starch into simple sugars and protein for
  yeast nutrition.
• Hops has bacteriostatic activity that inhibits
  the growth of gram positive bacteria in the
  finished beer.
• Yeast convert fermentable sugars into alcohol and
  carbon dioxide as a by-product.

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Yeast Chemistry

• yeast sugar ? pyruvic acid CO2
• pyruvic acid 2 electrons ? ethanol (drinking
  alcohol)
• Alcohol is a by-product of yeast performing
  glycolysis in anaerobic energy conversion

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DEMONSTRATION
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U.S. Industry Facts

• 2,400 Brewers Beer Importers
• 1,908 Beer Wholesalers
• 551,000 Retail Establishments
• 1.78 million employees (54 billion in benefits
  and wages)
• U.S. exports to over 100 countries

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Anheuser-Busch, Inc.
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United States Beer Consumption
25 of adults are weekly drinkers 12 of adults
are monthly drinkers 14 of adults are past year
drinkers 20 of adults are less than past year
drinkers 29 of adults are non drinkers

• 37 of the population are regular beer consumers

Anheuser-Bush Inc.
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Current United States Beer Industry

• 3 major leaders control 80
• of the market share

Anheuser-Busch Miller Brewing Adolph Coors
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Arkansas Establishments

• 10 Brewing
• 32 Wholesaling
• 2,396 Retail

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Arkansas Industry

• Direct Impact
• 5,900 Jobs 102,966,194 Wages
• Supplier Impact
• 1,268 Jobs 41,788,442 Wages
• Induced Impact
• 10,044 Jobs 212,870,989 Wages

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Advertising

• Super Bowl Ad
• 1997- 1.2 million for 30 seconds
• 2007- 2.6 million for 30 seconds

BUD LIGHT Super Bowl Commercial
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Advertising

• Actually doesnt increase total consumption
• Focus is on creating brand loyalty

www.postdam.edu
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Most common alcohol consumption problems

• Alcohol poisoning -when parts of the brain shut
  down because of the high amount of alcohol in the
  blood stream
• Hangovers
• -Dehydration-headache
• -Inflammation of esophagus-heartburn
• -Acid accumulation in stomach-nausea
• -Low blood glucose levels-shakes, dizziness,
• blurred vision tiredness
• -Intestinal inhibition- diarrhea

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Problems continued

• Binge Drinking
• Studies suggest that binge drinking rates are
  declining.

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Problems continued

• Consuming alcohol during pregnancy can cause
  Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
• partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (pFAS)
• Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD)
• Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopment Disorder (ARND)

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Problems Continued
Drinking and Driving In 2005, 16,885 people
died in alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes,
accounting for 39 of all traffic-related deaths
in the United States (NHTSA 2006). An
alcohol-related motor vehicle crash kills someone
every 31 minutes and nonfatally injures someone
every two minutes (NHTSA 2006). 
Each year, alcohol-related crashes in the United
States cost about 51 billion (Blincoe et al.
2002).
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Organizations Resulting from Alcohol Issues

• MADD- Mothers against Drunk Drivers
• AA-Alcoholics Anonymous

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Summary

• Beer has been around for a very long time.
• Alcohol is a large part of out society as a
  whole.
• Materials
• Barley, Hops, Yeast, and Water
• Process
• Make wort, brew, ferment, secondary ferment,
  natural ferment
• Chemistry
• Yeast forms alcohol
• Benefits
• Jobs (brewing, advertisement, selling, delivering
  etc)
• People enjoy drinking beer
• Drawbacks
• Health related problems
• Irresponsibility of drinkers

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Opinion Page

• Did anything about the presentation surprise you?
• After knowing ramifications of beer, is the
  production and consumption good or bad for us as
  a society?