The production of Iron and Steel

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The production of Iron and Steel
The Blast Furnace The Basic Oxegen Furnace The
Electric Arc Frunace
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The Blast Furnace
Downcomer
Receiving hopper
Blast Furnace Gas to Cleaning plant
Distributing Chute
Charging Conveyor
Tuyere For Hot air Blasts
Water Cooled Refractory lining
Hot air Blast
Supporting Column
Tap hole
Slag Hole
Iron Trolley
Slag Trolley
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• The Production of Iron
• First the ore is graded and crushed and the fine
  particles sintered. Sintering is the process of
  converting fine particles into a continuous mass
• Iron ore powder is compacted and then heated to a
  temperature below the melting point of the metal
  in the ore, this results in the waste being
  removed and the particles of iron ore gathering
  into ball shaped masses or agglomerates.
• Conveyor buckets take iron ore, limestone and
  coke to the top of furnace

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4. Once inside the furnace the whole mixture is
fired, this brings it to a white hot
temperature. 5. Smelted iron runs to the bottom
of the furnace and is tapped off 6. The
limestone combines with impurities and forms a
slag and as this is lighter than the iron it
floats to the top and is tapped off
A blast furnace can run for 2 years before the
refractory lining has to be replaced. Most of the
molten iron goes directly to steel mills although
some is cast into Buckets (Pigs). This is known
as pig iron and is used to make Cast Iron
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Video Clip Blast Furnace
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The Basic Oxygen Process
Fluxes and coolants
Fumes to cleaning plant
Water-cooled fume hood
Moveable seal
Water-cooled lance
Tap Hole
Steel shell
Refractory lining (Dolomite)
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The Sequence   1.    Charging

• Scrap Iron and Steel form 30 of the charge
• Molten Iron from the blast furnace makes up the
  rest

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Blowing

• A water cooled pipe carries oxygen to the surface
  of the hot metal
• Oxygen blows at high pressure which increases
  temperature and burns off impurities

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Sampling

• Samples are taken to check the composition of the
  steel

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Tapping

• Once chemical analysis indicates correct
  composition, lance is lifted out
• Molten steel is poured through TapHole

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Removing Slag

• Once chemical analysis indicates correct
  composition, lance is lifted out
• Molten steel is poured through TapHole

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Video Clip Basic Oxygen Process
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The Electric Arc Furnace
Carbon electrodes

Power Cables
Refractory lining
Swivel Roof
Water cooled panels
Tapping Spout
Furnace Door
Steel Scrap
The Electric Arc furnace is a circular vessel
that sits on a set of rollers which allow it to
be tipped for Tapping and Slagging
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The Sequence 1. Charging

• The charge consists solely of Scrap Iron

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2. Melting

• The electrodes are lowered, and the arc is
  started, by raising the electrodes a little above
  the surface of the scrap

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3. Slagging

• The furnace is first tilted on rollers to allow
  Slag to be raked off or poured into slag ladles.

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4. Tapping

• The furnace is then titled in the other direction
  and then the molten steel is poured out through a
  spout into the pouring ladle.

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Video Clip Electric Arc Furnace 1
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Video Clip Electric Arc Furnace 2