Australia, New Zealand, Oceania,

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Australia, New Zealand, Oceania, Antarctica
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Australia New Zealand

• Introduction
• Australia and New Zealand have been cut off from
  the Earths other landmasses for millions of
  years.
• Australia Huge, mostly flat, with several
  climates
• New Zealand Small, Mountainous, Uniform
  Climate.
• An area the same size as the United States has a
  population smaller than New York cities 19.5
  Million
• Both are modern and industrialized countries
• 96 of trade to other countries is comprised of
  farming and mining economic activity

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Australia

• The land Down Under Why?
• Entirely within the southern hemisphere.
• The only continent that contains just one
  country.
• The smallest continent in the world.
• As a country it has the 6th largest land area.
• Former colony of Great Britain, has an Anglo
  Saxon cultural background.

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Australia Overview

• Has more than 80 of the land area of the U.S.
  while only 10 of Australia is livable.
• Largest fragment of Gonwanaland
• (4.3 billion years old)
• Land is mostly flat and dry lowest overall
  elevation and relief of all Earths continents.
• Most is dry climate areas along the coasts have
  moister climates.

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Australias North East coast

• Great Barrier Reef, largest chain of coral in the
  world.

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Australias Southern coast

• Great Australian Bight
• A bay of the Indian Ocean

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Coastal plains

• Circle Australia Northern Tasmania
• Bass Strait separates Tasmania from Australia

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Great Divide

• Wrapping around SE area of highlands
• Forms the continental divide
• Australian Alps
• SE corner of country

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Nullarbor

• Southern Shore
• Long wide plain
• Vast dry
• Tree Less Plateau
• 400 miles
• Latin for no tree

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Australian Highlands

• Four Main Highlands
• MacDonnell Ranges
• The Flinders Range
• Hamersley and Darling Ranges

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MacDonnell Range

• Arid center of the country

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The Finders Range

• Southern Coast

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Hamersley and Darling Ranges

• Separate part of western plateau from coastal
  lowlands.
• No higher than 5,000 feet.

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Australian Water

• No large river network
• Most rivers are like Wadis
• Flow only after heavy rain
• Shrink in dry seasons
• Lakes in interior often become salt flats
• Murray is chief river system
• Artesian wells
• 2/3 southern part Australia have dry plateaus or
  deserts
• Dry grazing lands with shrubs
• 6 land forested

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Murray River System

• Drains from the Great Divide of the Darling Range
• SE Australia
• Largest farming area 6 arable

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Artesian Wells

• Most of Australias water
• Great Artesian Basin
• N. of Murray Basin
• Drill into ground until water flows to the
  surface under its own pressure.

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Australian Climate

• The location near the Equator nearly all has dry
  climate
• Center is desert
• Rim around desert is steppe climate (short
  grasses and shrubs)
• Closer to equator along northern coast
• Area around Cookstown tropical monsoon climate
• Eastern and Southern coasts moist, mild winter
  Mediterranean Climate
• Farther South southern coast, middle latitude
  marine summers hot with high humidity winters
  warm / mild.
• South eastern coast Mediterranean climate (rain
  in winter

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Economic Cultural Patterns

• 1800s British controlled Penal Colony
• Imprisoned for everything from not paying bills
  to stealing bread.
• Prison overcrowding in England
• Prisoners where offered freedom if they moved to
  Australia

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Australia Colonial Period

• 6 States ruled as separate colonies
• Victoria
• New South Wales
• Queensland
• Western Australia
• South Australia
• Tasmania
• 1901 Australian constitution unified colonies
• Parliamentary (democracy) form of government
  (Commonwealth of Australia)
• 1911 Northern Territory Added
• 1980s Capital territory added

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Australian Economy

• GDP Industry, Agriculture, Minning
• Industry 36 - 25 of population employed in
  industry
• Agriculture Mining make up the majority of
  Australias economy
• Land good for grazing 58 of country is used
  for pasture livestock.
• Livestock is raised on Stations or (ranches)
• Major agg. product is wool 1/3 of the worlds
• Major crop is Wheat grown in Murray basin
• 7th in the world in wheat production

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Mineral Resources

• 1851 farming economy changed with the discovery
  of gold
• Australia has 90 of worlds Rutile/Zircon
• Rutile used in the production of titanium
• Zircon Jewelry
• Large diamond and opal deposits
• Exports more coal than any other country
• Many resources untapped

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Australias Cultural Patterns

• First inhabitants were Aborigines
• Crossed a land bridge from Asia
• Brought the Dingo with them
• 40,000 Live on reservations(1 total Pop)
• Population was small until the discovery of gold
  (1850-60)

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Aboriginal Lands
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Population Distribution

• Melbourne has the largest Italian population
  outside of Rome.
• Two out of three people live on narrow plain
  along the East and SE coast
• Largest cities Sydney, Brisbane, Canberra,
  Melbourne
• Sydney Melbourne 1/3 of Australias
  population
• Western Southern coast are Perth, Adelaide on
  southern coast (1 million people)

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Australian History

• Aborigines 40,000 years
• Hunters Gatherer nomads form Asia
• Portuguese sailors may have been first to meet
  Aborigines
• 1600s Spanish/Dutch explored 1642 Dutch
  explorer Abel Tasman island
• 1770 James Cook east coast of Australia Terra
  Australis Incognita Unknown southern land
• 1776 British lost American colonies and began
  to settle Australia
• First permanent European settlement Sydney
  (Batony Bay)