Types of Communication

1
Types of Communication

• Interorganisational
• Intraorganisational
• Intergroup
• Intragroup
• Interpersonal
• Intrapersonal

2
Top Ten Communication Barriers

• 1. Language
• 2. Perceptions, Prejudice Stereotyping
• 3. Self-image
• 4. Status
• 5. Incongruity

3
Top Ten Communication Barriers

• 6. Individual factors
• 7. Environmental barriers
• 8. Time and Timing
• 9. Message complexity
• 10. Listening

4
Killer Phrases

• It wont work.
• We havent got time.
• You must be joking!
• Thats fine in theory, but
• Come on -- be practical!
• How do phrases like this kill conversations and
  ideas?

5
The Six Cs of Communication

• Clear
• Complete
• Concise
• Concrete
• Correct
• Courteous

6
Avoid Communication Breakdowns

• Ask for feedback Select the location
• Offer feedback Consider timing
• Consider your words Be positive
• Repeat, repeat, repeat Think it through
• Use empathy Listen

7
Interference Listening

• JUDGING
• Criticising
• Blaming
• Name-calling
• Diagnosing
• Praising

8
Interference Listening

• SENDING SIGNALS
• Excessive or inappropriate questioning
• Offering unasked for advice
• Ordering
• Threatening
• Moralising

9
Interference Listening

• AVOIDING
• Reassuring
• Consoling
• Sympathising
• Diverting, distracting
• Changing the subject
• Logical argument
• Responding in cliches

10
Active Listening Feelings Meanings

• Work, work, work and never a word of thanks.
  They treat us like cattle around here!
• Youre feeling discouraged because no one seems
  to recognise all the hard work you put in.

11
Non-verbal Communication

• Symbolic communication
• Body language
• Personal space

12
Put it in Writing

• As a record for future reference
• For added authority
• You want to think it through carefully
• To overcome problems of distance
• To ensure a large number of people receive the
  same message
• To reinforce or confirm an earlier message

13
Organise and Structure your Thoughts

• Time
• Space
• Causal
• Process
• Principle
• Problem

14
Write Well

• Be Clear about what you want to say
• Keep it Short and Simple
• Write naturally
• Be positive and precise
• Write actively not passively
• Write for your reader
• Check spelling grammar