Arab/ Israeli Conflict

1
Arab/ Israeli Conflict

• SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and
  change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to
  the 21st century.
• a. Explain how European partitioning in Southwest
  Asia (Middle East) after the breakup of the
  Ottoman Empire led to regional conflict.
• b. Explain the historical reasons for the
  establishment of the modern State of Israel in
  1948 include the Jewish religious connection to
  the land, the Holocaust, anti-Semitism, and
  Zionism in Europe.
• c. Describe how land and religion are reasons for
  continuing conflicts in Southwest Asia (Middle
  East

2

• 1914-1918 The Ottomans - sided with Germany
  during the first world war. Britain supported an
  Arab revolt against the Ottomans, promising self
  rule. The British also promised the Jews a
  homeland in Palestine the then foreign
  secretary, Lord Balfour, issuing a declaration in
  1917.

3

• 1918 After the war, the League of Nations granted
  France and Britain control (mandates) over the
  former Ottoman territories. France was given
  Syria, while Britain got a mandate over what
  became Israel, the West Bank, Gaza and Jordan.

4

• 1930 Jewish immigration to Palestine increased
  just before the second world war due to
  persecution by the Nazis. The local Arabs wanted
  to limit the numbers arriving. There were clashes
  between the Jewish immigrants and Palestinians
  supported by neighboring Arab states.

• Pictured, Jewish survivors of the Buchenwald Nazi
  concentration camp, some still in their camp
  clothing.

5

• 1947-49 Britain gave up its mandate and the
  United Nations took over supervision. The UN
  suggested two states one Arab, one Jewish. The
  Jews accepted the Arabs rejected the plan. David
  Ben-Gurion declared the foundation of the state
  of Israel on 15 May 1948. The next day Egypt,
  Syria, Lebanon and Jordan invaded Israel but were
  beaten back.

6
Using the Israeli Declaration of Independence
answer the questions below

• 1- When was this document written?
• 2- Who was it written for?
• 3- Where do the Jews believe they come from?
• 4- Why did the Jews feel like they needed a
  homeland?
• 5- Who was the state of Israel open to?

7

• 1964 The Palestinian Liberation Organization was
  founded. Under leadership of Yasser Arafat it
  would claim to be the sole representative of the
  Palestinian people. The PLO vowed to reclaim
  their land and destroy the state of Israel.

8

• On 5 June 1967, Israel launched a 'pre-emptive
  strike' against the Arab troops along its
  borders. In the six-day war, Israel seized the
  Sinai from Egypt, the Golan Heights from Syria,
  the West Bank and the Old City of Jerusalem from
  Jordan.

9

• Pictured, Syrian soldiers raise their hands in
  surrender on the Golan Heights, five days into
  the Yom Kippur War

• 1973 On October 6, Syria and Egypt launched a
  surprise attack on Israeli-held lands to coincide
  with the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur.

10

• 1979 The US President Jimmy Carter brought the
  leaders of Egypt and Israel together at the Camp
  David Accords. The Sinai Peninsula was to
  returned to Egypt.
• The surrounding Arab countries were not happy and
  later Anwar Sadat is assassinated.

11

• 1993 The Oslo accords were agreed, which provided
  for mutual recognition between the PLO and the
  state of Israel, and limited Palestinian self
  rule in the West Bank and Gaza. Jordan also
  signed a peace deal with Israel.

• Pictured, President Bill Clinton presides over
  ceremonies marking the signing of the accord with
  Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin, left,
  Arafat, right