Chapter 26: New Global Patterns

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Chapter 26 New Global Patterns
French political cartoon from the late 1890s. A
pie represents "Chine" (French for China) and is
being divided between caricatures of Queen
Victoria of Great Britain, William II of Germany
(who is squabbling with Queen Victoria over a
borderland piece, whilst thrusting a knife into
the pie to signify aggressive German intentions),
Nicholas II of Russia, who is eyeing a particular
piece, the French Marianne (who is diplomatically
shown as not participating in the carving), and
the Meiji Emperor of Japan, carefully
contemplating which pieces to take. A
stereotypical Chinese official throws his up his
hands to try and stop them, but is powerless. It
is meant to be a figurative representation of the
Imperialist tendencies of these nations towards
China during the decade.
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• Setting the Scene
• Imperialism profited industrial nations, but
  disrupted economies elsewhere, forcing
  non-western peoples to accept western ways. Japan
  became a modern industrial power with its own
  imperialistic goals. Western powers claimed most
  of the Pacific islands and Southeast Asia. In
  Latin America, a pattern of military rule and
  economic dependency emerged. The United States
  created its own sphere of influence in the
  Western hemisphere.

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I. Japan modernizes

• Japan remained closed to foreigners until 1853,
  when the US demanded that it open its ports

In 1853 United States Commodore Matthew Perry met
with Japans royal commissioner in Japan. With a
fleet of American gunships docked in the harbor,
Perry presented the Japanese with a trade and
friendship treaty.
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I. Japan modernizes

• During the Meiji Restoration, reforms were made
  in the government, economy, and society

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I. Japan modernizes

• Japan built a modern army and navy, and began
  creating an empire

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II. Southeast Asian and the Pacific

• By the 1890s, Europeans controlled most of
  Southeast Asia, and the US gained Hawaii, the
  Philippines, and Samoa

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III. Impact of Imperialism

• Canada, Australia, and New Zealand all gained
  self-rule from Great Britain

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III. Impact of Imperialism

• Monroe Doctrine prohibited Europeans from
  colonization in the Americas
• Roosevelt Corollary claimed police power in the
  Americas

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III. Impact of Imperialism

• Western powers disrupted traditional
• economies in Africa and Asia

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III. Impact of Imperialism

• Colonial rulers introduced a money economy that
  replaced the barter system in some countries

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III. Impact of Imperialism

• Local economies became dependent on western
  powers, which bought raw materials and supplied
  manufactured goods

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III. Impact of Imperialism

• Colonial rule brought economic benefits - modern
  banking, technology, communications, and
  transportation networks

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III. Impact of Imperialism

• Westerners pressed colonies to accept "modern"
  ways - western ideas, government, technology, and
  culture

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III. Impact of Imperialism

• Missionaries built schools and hospitals,
  benefiting the people

General Council Missionaries Rajahmundry Mission
Field, India
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III. Impact of Imperialism

• Imperialism enabled missionaries to spread the
  Christian faith, but not in areas of ancient
  religions

Buddhists, Hindus, and Moslems
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III. Impact of Imperialism

• Western cultures also changed during the Age of
  Imperialism - they realized other cultures had
  much to offer

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III. Impact of Imperialism

• By the early 1900s, resistance to imperialism
  resulted in nationalist movements to end colonial
  rule

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III. Impact of Imperialism

• In 1914 and 1939, imperialist ambitions would
  contribute to the outbreak of two shattering
  world wars