MITES (ARACHNIDA: ACARI)

1
MITES (ARACHNIDA ACARI) COLLECTION, PREPARATION,
MOUNTING, LABELING, STORAGE AND PACKING SPECIMENS
SRI HARTINI AND A. SAIM ZOOLOGY DIVISION,
RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY INDONESIAN INSTITUTE
OF SCIENCES
2
ARACHNIDA

• SUBCLASS
• SCORPIONES
• PALPIGRADI
• UROPYGI
• PSEUDOSCORPIONES
• RICINULEI
• SCHIZOMIDA
• AMBLYPYGI
• OPILIONES
• SOLIFUGAE
• ARANAE
• ACARI

3
A
C
B
D

1. OPILIONES
2. ARANEAE
3. SCORPIONES
4. ACARI

4
ACARI (MITE)

• Thorax and abdomen united
• Without superficial evidence of segmentation
• Mouth provided with a median sub-oral piercing
  organ
• Hypostome
• Adults and nymphal with 4 pairs of legs
• larvae with 3 pairs of legs

5
DORSAL SHIELD ACARI
6
Gnathosoma
A
A
B
C
B, Opilioacarida, Opilioacaridae C, Actenidida,
Glycyphagidae
A. Gamasida, Macrochelidae
7
A , DORSAL B, VENTRAL C, TYPE DORSAL SETAE
8
Dorsal shield suborder Gamasida
9
Dorsal shield suborder Actenidida
10
Dorsal shield
Suborder Acaridida
Suborder Oribatida
11
CHELICERA
A. FEMALE
B. MALE
12

• LEG

13
Stigma or spiracle in Acari
a. Opilioacarida
b. Holothyrida
c. Gamasida
14
(No Transcript)
15
a b. Actenidida
c. Oribatida
16
HABITS AND HABITATS

• A. Free-Living forms
• B. Parasitic forms

17
A. Free-Living Forms

• 1. Predaceous Mites
• 2. Phytophagous Mites
• 3. Mycophagous Mites
• 4. Saprophagous Mites
• 5. Other Microphytophages
• 6. Coprophagous Necrophagous Mites
• 7. Phoretic Mites

18
1. Predaceous Mites

• a. Ground species
• b. Areal species
• c. Storage species
• d. Littoral-intertidal-marine species
• e. Aquatic species

19

• 1. b. Predacious Areal species
• Long legged
• Rapid in movement
• Preying on phytophagous mites or their eggs
• Brightly colored in shades of red, yellow or
  green
• Family Phytoseiidae, Bdellidae, Stigmaeidae,
  Anystidae, Ascidae (Asca)

20
2. Phytophagous mites

• 1. Areal species
• 2. Storage species
• 3. Ground species

21

• 2. Phytophagous mites
• 1. Aerial species
• Slow moving
• Majority of species are red, yellow or green in
  color while some may appear white or transculent
• They feed by inserting stylet-like chelicerae
  into the cells of the plant host and sucking up
  the contents
• Transmit plant viruses
• Some of most important arthropod pest of plants,
  spider mites (Tetranychidae Oligonychus
  kadarsani Ehara, 1969 injurious to sugar cane in
  Java ), Eryophidae, Sierraphytoptidae,
  Rhyncaphytoptidae, Tarsonemidae,Tenuipalpidae

22

• 2. 2. Storage species
• Storage grains and other storage products
• White or brownish white in color
• Slow moving
• Family Acaridae (Acarus siro), Glycyphagidae

23
2. 3. Ground species

• Few group of mites are adapted to feeding on live
  plant tissue in soil. Feed on root tissue, corms
  or bulbs
• Most the soil form are opaque white or
  translucent
• Slow moving form with short legs and with little
  or no distinctive idiosomal sclerotization
• Some have chelate-dantate chelicerae for grinding
  and macerating plant tissue (Acaridida,
  Acaridae), some have stylettiform chelae for
  piercing plant cell (Actinedida, Tarsonemidae).

24
B. Parasitic Form

• A. Ectoparasitic Mites
• 1. Vertebrate ectoparasites
• 2. Invertebrate ectoparasites
• B. Endoparasitic Mites
• 1. Vertebrate endoparasites
• 2. Invertebrate endoparasites

25
LIFE STAGE

• Four life stage
• Egg
• Larva
• Nymph
• Adult

26
(No Transcript)
27
Classifications of the subclass Acari by Krantz,
1978

• I. Order Parasitiformes
• A. Suborder Opilioacarida
• B. Suborder Holothyrida
• C. Suborder Gamasida
• D. Suborder Ixodida
• II. Order Acariformes
• A. Suborder Actinedida
• B. SuborderAcaridida
• C. Suborder Oribatida

28
Suborder Gamasida (Order Parasitiformes)

• 66 family (Krantz, 1978)
• Characteristic in the ventral side have shield
• Long legged and rapid movement
• Colored in shades of red, yellow or green
• Widely distribution, most in tropic
• Habitat on leave and some in soil
• Member of this group (Family Phytoseiidae) as
  predaceous areal mites, preying primarily on
  phytophagous mites
• As predators in pest programs or biological
  control

29
Predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis,
attacking tetranychid eggs
30
II. Suborder Actinedida (Order Acariformes)

• 1. Family Tetranychidae
• 2. Family Tarsonemidae
• 3. Family Eriophydae

31
Family Tetranychidae, red spider mites

• Habitat on the plant, areal species
• Widely distribution
• Economic important pest plants.
• Some species have been found to transmit plant
  viruses
• This species low moving
• They life undersurface of leave
• In Indonesia this Family recorded pest on cassava
  , sugar cane and tea plantation

32
(No Transcript)
33
Scarlet Tea Mite
Brevipalpus obovatus
34
(No Transcript)
35
Oligonychus spp. in Eastern Asia

• Olygonychus coffeae (Nietn.)
• Found in tea and coffee, but occur on castor
• O. kadarsani Ehara, 1968 and O. exsiccator
  (Zehyntner) recorded on sugar cane in Java also
  in Hawaii (O. exsiccator)
• O. orthius Rimando from sugar cane in the
  Philippines, Japan, Taiwan also from sugar cane
  and banana
• O. shinkajii Ehara known from corn and rice in
  Japan and sugar cane in Taiwan

36
Schizotetranychus celarius (Banks)

• Habitat on live plant tissue in soil,
• Feed on root tissue, corms or bulbs

37
2. Family Tarsonemidae

• Soft bodied
• short leg
• feeding on root tissue corm and bulbs and leaves

38
Yellow Tea Mite
Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Tarsonemidae)
39
Family Eryophidae, leaf and gall mites

• Mite elongated in shape
• Have only two pairs of weak legs at the anterior
  end of the body
• Cause malformations and gall on leaves and stems

40
(No Transcript)
41
Purple Tea Mite
Calacarus (Eriophyes) carinatus (Eryophidae)
42
(No Transcript)
43
(No Transcript)
44
(No Transcript)
45
(No Transcript)
46
MOUNTING TECHNIQUES

• Semi permanent specimen ( Hoyers medium)
• Permanen specimen
• a. PVA (Polyvinil alcohol-lactic acid mixture)
• b. Canada balsam

47
(No Transcript)
48
(No Transcript)
49
(No Transcript)
50
(No Transcript)
51
(No Transcript)
52
Thank You