Principle of Plant Quarantine ?????????????????????

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Principle of Plant Quarantine????????????????????
?

• ??.??.?????? ????????????
• ??????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????
  ?

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Quarantine Quarantum ??????

• ????? ?????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????
• ?.?. 1403 Venice
• ?.?. 1467 Genoa
• ?.?. 1499 U.S.A. ?????????
• ?.?. 1805 Paris ?????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????
• ?.?. 1825 England ??????????????????????????????
  ??????
• ??????????

??????????????????????
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Quarantine ????????? ???????? ????????
"Plant Quarantine"

• ?.?. 1919 ?????????????????????????????????
  ???????? 50 ??????
• ?.?. 1941 ???????????????????????????
  ???????????????
• ?????????????????
• ?.?. 1951 F.A.O. ????????? ???????????????????
  ???????? ????????????????? (World Area
  Control Cooperation)
• ?.?. 1956 F.A.O. ????????? ???????????????????
  ?????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??? (Plant
• Protection Agreement for Southeast Asia and
  the Pacific Region)

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????????????????????????????????

• Iceland
• 1845-1846 ?? potato late blight
• ??????? ??????? Phytophthora infestants (Mont)
  deBary
• ??????????? South America

5
????????????????????????????????

• English
• 1845 ?? ????????????????? (powdery mildew)
• ??????? ??????? Uncinula necator (Schw.)Burr.
• ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????
  U.S.A.
• 1901 ????????????? Globodera rostochiensis
• ????????????? gt 10
• ??????????? ??????????????? Peru

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• U.S.A.
• Insects
• 1779 hessian fly ???????? wheat
• ???????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????
  
• ??????????????????????????????
• San Jose scale ???????? Peach
• ???? ????????? ??? China

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• 1869 Gipsy moth ???????? ??????????????
• 1887 San Jose scale ???????? Japanese plum
• 1890 cotton boll weevil ??? Mexico
• ????????????????????????????????????
• 1916 Japanese beetle ???????????????? Iris

8

• 1917 European corn borer ??? Europe
• 1921 Mexican bean beetle ???????????? Mexico
• 1926 pink bollworm
• ???????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????

9

• 1929 mediteranean fruit fly
• 1930 angoumois grain moth ??? Europe
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  
• 1936 white fringed beetle ???????? ????????? ???
  South America

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U.S.A. Decease 1895 hop mildew ???
Europe 1908-11 citrus canker?????
bacteria ???????????????????????????????
?????
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1912 potato wart ?????????? Europe 1930
dutch elm ?????????????????? elm ???
Europe 1940 late blight
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• Australia
• bunchy top ????? virus
• ??? Fiji ?????????????
• 1947 sirex wood wasp ?????????????????????

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• 1972 poplar rust
• 1973 poplar rust
• 1976 The giant african snail

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• Japan
• 1873 woolly apple aphid
• 1884 red wax scale
• 1890 crown-gall

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• 1891 pea-weevil
• 1898 arrow head scale

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• Japan
• 1911 Cottony cushien scale
• 1976 Rice water weevil
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????
• 1983 alfalfa weevil
• ???????????????????????
• 1984 ????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????

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• Srilanka
• 1875 coffee rust
• Brazil
• 1970 coffee rust
• ? South american leaf blight (SALB)

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• Philippine
• ? Cadang cadang ????? viriod ??????????
• Jamaica
• ? Lethal yellowing ????? mycoplasma
• 1935 panama decease ??????? ???????????

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• Thailand
• 1901 ???????? water hyacinth
• 1938 ??????????? gaint african snail
• 1952 ??????????? Mimosa pigra L.

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• 1955 ?????????
• 1984 ??? ergot ?????????????? ??????????? Sudex

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???????????????

• U.S.A.
• 1905 The Insect Pest Act of 1905
• 1912 The plant Quarantine Act of 1912
• 1942 The Mexican Act of 1942
• 1944 The Organic Act of 1944
• 1951 The Mullusk Act of 1951
• 1957 ?????? The Insect Pest Act of 1905, The
  Mullusk Act of 1951
• ??? The Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957
• ?????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????

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• Japan
• 1914 The Plant Quarantine Law of 1914
• 1948 The Plant Quarantine Law of 1948
• 1950 ?????? The Plant Quarantine Law of 1914,
  
• The Plant Quarantine Law of 1948
• ??? The Plant Quarantine Law of 1950